Religious Studies Unit 2: Investigations

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1) With reference to the topic you have investigated, examine and comment on the contribution that one or more religions make to applied ethics. Buddhism on War and Peace (Grade B) Buddhism is essentially a pacifist tradition that focuses on ending suffering (dukkha) and liberating oneself from Samsara (cycle of life, death and rebirth). Buddhism has been quoted to be the world's most peaceful religion that has made a lot of contribution to many ethical issues in the world including to the issue of war and peace. In order to understand where Buddhist ethics derived, we must look at the first teaching of the Buddha, the Deer Park Sermon in which he describes the Four Noble Truths. The first noble truth is the existence of suffering (dukkha) of which there are three types: dukkha-dukkah (ordinary suffering) viparinama-dukkha (suffering of impermanence) and sankhara-dukkha (suffering of no self). The second noble truth is the cause of suffering which is craving (tanha). The third noble truth is the cessation of suffering (niroda) and the fourth noble truth is the path to the cessation of suffering which is the middle way (magga) also known as the Noble Eightfold Path. The Noble Eightfold Path consists of Three Higher Teachings: Sila, Prajna and Samadhi. Sila (morality) consists of right action, right speech, right livelihood. Prajna (wisdom) consists of right thought (or view) and right intention. Samadhi (meditation) consists of right effort, right mindfulness (or awareness) and right concentration. These higher teachings are inextricably linked and therefore inform each other. This means, for example, the wiser you are the more moral you will be. Buddhism further extended the teaching of Sila (morality) with the Five Precepts. These are the main ethical guidelines or rules Buddhists use when applying Buddhism to

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