Ch.11 Review Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution is a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of maufacturing goods and it started in Europe in the late 1700's and was a cause of population growth between 1750 and 1950. The development of factories was due to the steam engine, patented in 1769 by James Watt. The iron industry was first to increase production through extensive use of Watt's steam engine. Coal was the next product that benefited the iron and steel manufacturing required energy to operate the blast furnaces and steam engines and coal was the answer for this. The new engineering profession made its biggest impact on transportation especially canals and rail ways.
Industrialization greatly affected the balance of power in the world. Those nations that did industrialize became significantly more powerful. The first nation to industrialize was Great Britain. One of the major effects of industrialization was the need for raw materials, so it encouraged colonialism. The European powers attempted to dominate in far-flung places in order to make sure that they had the resources needed to drive their
Pioneers of electric lighting, Charles F. Brush and Thomas Edison brought important additions to the industrial growth. The United States economy relied greatly on railroads and with the new techniques of iron and steel manufacturing, dominated by Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick, the railroad system controlled by tycoons such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, James J. Hill, Collis R. Huntington, expanded significantly. The automobile industry saw its first magnate, Henry Ford who produced the first cars in 1895. John D. Rockefeller marked the oil industry by starting his corporate empire shortly after the Civil War. The “captains of industry” contributed substantially to
Tayler Pfeiffer Metzger History 11 U. S. History 11 Final Industrial Revolution: I think the Industrial Revolution was one of the first major economic and market changers in American history. Before this, we used horse and carriage to transport people and objects across the nation and the notion of a factory using gasoline from a liquid mined deep within the earth was unheard of. But when oil was eventually discovered and put to use, out came the Industrial Revolution. With the industrialization period, American and her people brought forward the fuel industry, railroad transportation, larger factories and many more technological wonders of that time. Of course, however, with the highs come the lows.
The United States Navy began using the steam engine propulsion during the Civil War. The most notable steam driven ironclads of the Civil War were the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia. These ships were also outfitted with the new rotating turret system allowing them to shoot at all angles rather than just broadside. The application of steam power within these ships allowed for them to travel upstream and upwind. Previously, ships had not had this capability due to only having sails or being reliant on sails or oar propulsion.
With its towering stack belching black smoke, its side wheels could push it along at a steady 5 miles an hour. Nothing about it was radically new, but Fulton brought the essential –engine, boiler, paddle wheels, and hull into proper balance and thereby produced and efficient vessel. 4. Eli Whitney, Cotton gin, Interchangeable parts: In 1800, a youthful graduate of Yale College, Eli Whitney, having contracted to make 10,000 rifles for the government, succeeded in manufacturing them by such precise methods that the parts were interchangeable, a major step toward the perfection of the assembly-line system of production. Whitney invented the
Although there are many key elements of the rapid industrialization during the 19th century that aided in producing the outcomes (Urbanization, Social Classes/Living Conditions, Inventions), the most significant features that gave life to industrial and social progression were the introduction of mechanization, and the improvements made to transportation during the era of the Industrial Revolution. Mechanization: The first and one of the most important positive aspects of the Industrial Revolution was the mechanization of most labor methods, which allowed for a higher rate of production for and contributed greatly to the economic expansion and development of Western societies. The first example of mechanical introduction during the early years of the Industrial Revolution was that of the cotton textile industry. Prior to the inventions of Elias Howe (sewing machine) and
Subsequent steam engines were to power the Industrial Revolution The first safe and successful steam power plant was introduced by Thomas Newcomen before 1712. Newcomen apparently conceived the Newcomen steam engine quite independently of Savery, but as the latter had taken out a very wide-ranging patent, Newcomen and his associates were obliged to come to an arrangement with him, marketing the engine until 1733 under a joint patent. [21][22] Newcomen's engine appears to have been based on Papin's experiments carried out 30 years earlier, and employed a piston and cylinder, one end of which was open to the atmosphere above the piston. Steam just above atmospheric pressure (all that the boiler could stand) was introduced into the lower half of the cylinder beneath the piston during the gravity-induced upstroke; the steam was then condensed by a jet of cold water injected into the steam space to produce a partial vacuum; the pressure differential between the atmosphere and the vacuum on either side of the piston displaced it downwards into the cylinder, raising the opposite end of a
This was important for emerging industrial centers. With the increase in amount of trade amongst one another, a closer bond was formed. Roads and railroad production was increasing rapidly during the early 19th Century. Roads were deteriorated to a great extent by various wars and other violent events. At this point in time, roads got improved and underwent repair on a larger extent; the production of railways skyrocketed in the German States.
These cable cars were then introduced to Richmond, Virginia and were a big hit (Carson and Bonk). Not long after the initial success of the cable cars first appearance in Richmond, in which virtually each and every horse car lines in America were rehabilitated to electrical power (Carson and Bonk). Electric streetcars were quick and dependable, unlike the way horse railways were. Horse railways were no longer a popular way of transportation when electric streetcars or cable cars were invented. Once introduced to Richmond, Virginia, electric streetcars took off.