Social and order maintenance Celtic and Roman Britain Compare and contrast order maintenance arrangements in Celtic and Roman Britain. How do these compare with order maintenance arrangements in modern Britain? There are a number of similarities between the way order was maintained in Celtic and Roman Britain and the way order was maintained in modern Britain. The Celts used a system of fines imposed on its people, much the way we do in modern Britain. If a person could not pay the fine, they would be an outcast with in the social tribe and isolated, they would be prevented from participating in religious rites and lose their civil rights too.
The second factor that needs to be considered is the routine the inmates faced on a day to day basis and the outcome of the rehabilitation. Prior to Pentonville, prisons were used as holding bays for those on death row and debtors, due to prisons being unfeasible for long term incarceration. Prisons were corrupt environments were ‘prisoners were in the company of criminals of every class and degree’ . Subsequently it can be claimed that having ‘passed time, he returns a greater adept in crime, with a wider acquaintance among criminals’ . During the time of the report the Lords Select Committee had promoted the silent system which had been adopted at Wakefield Goal and Coldbath fields in 1834.
They saw both slaves and indentured servants as property and could abuse that power as they saw fit. Many slaves and indentured servants simply did not live- the rate of death seems horrific by today’s standard of living in the United States. Both could earn their freedom, but each individual case was as different as the masters they
We have community service rather than redemption by working on the land. This is a chance for the offender to redeem themselves, this very public form of punishment and is a good deterrent and the principle is that the person would feel shame within the community. Prison and community service could be considered comparable to the isolation of living in the lowest caste in Celtic Britain. Like the Celts, today we focus on rehabilitation over punishment, to get offenders integrated back into society. Britain was invaded by Rome in 43AD and after conquest
If the Celtic offender could not pay then the responsibility fell on a family member with them having power to take assets, Very much like how the bail bond system works today. Also a common approach to punishment was and still is humiliation. Humiliation within the local community was to make it known that the offender had broke the law. Celtics were sent out to work the land as repayment for the crime committed. In modern times offenders are given a community service orders to repay their time back
We can see from research that present day punishments are very closely related to those used by the Celt’s and Romans. Below we see the Celtic ways and the changes that occurred due to the influence of the Romans. Celtic punishments were imposed by way of fines, restitution, deterrence and rehabilitation. While there were no prisons at this time the main methods of punishment are still used today. For offenders at this time fines were imposed according to economic status and a guarantee of ability to pay was needed.
Summary and Response In Peter Moskos’s “In Lieu of Prison, Bring Back the Lash”, he argues that prisons are an ineffective and expensive form of punishment and suggests corporal punishment be used as an alternative. Moskos points out that prisons are severely overcrowded and come at an astronomical cost. He then gives a quick history of the prison system, stating it was created as a more humane option to replace corporal punishment, which was viewed negatively in our new country. Moskos states prisons were intended to rehabilitate criminals much in the way hospitals heal the physically or mentally ill. The author describes prisons as internment camps used for practically free labor and says while some criminals need to be incarcerated, most do not.
Although the explorations brough slavery and death, the age of explorations had a postive effect overall because the start of new culture, animals,food,education and technology that had spread all over the new world and Europe. The age of explorations still had some negative effects like disease, slavery and loss of culture over the new world and Europe. Trade and explorations not only became responsible for social and economic advantages but also the spread of disease. “Small pox was the only one of the diseases the marinheiros let loose on the native poples over seas- perhaps the most destructives certainly the most spectacular- but the only one” (Crosby, 208) Disease mostly had a huge impact on the population in north and south America.
Firstly, Swarup conveys that the social Caste System still has a great influence on the Indian society today because it has created a dividing line which still separates the rich from the poor. In the “Prologue” of Q and A, the readers are confronted with the effects of poverty, where “your whole existence is illegal” and “arrest has a certain inevitably about it”. By using second person to describe the scenario, Swarup drops the reader into the action with horrifying clarity that being arrested by the police has become a natural, necessary part of living in the slum. The uneventfulness of Ram’s arrest also suggests the idea that his existence is not valued because of his caste. Through this Swarup is able to highlight the stagnant nature of social hierarchy in India today.
Industrialization shouldn’t be the only aspect that receives credit for controlling work ethics in America. Out of all the factors that influenced work ethics during the industrialization, cultural background was probably the most significant. The contrasts between the work habits of rural employees to skilled artisans were jarring. Workers coming from rural backgrounds would bring poor working ethics that would include: drinking on the job, gambling, smoking, and slacking off. Employers would frequently resort to fining workers who were caught breaking the rules.