Emma Culloty BIRMI2A 11 Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a Client’s presenting issue. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is a theory that has caused a large amount of debate and can be seen as quite a contentious issue, particularly when using this theory to try and understand a client’s presenting issue. This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at the critiques of Carl Jung and Erich Fromm and will look at the ideas surrounding Jung’s collective consciousness and Fromm’s view based on a sociological perspective, where the person is able to decide for them and how problems can arise for a client when this does not happen. This essay will also look at the role of women and homosexuality and discuss whether Freud’s views where based on a cultural prejudice when he devised the psychosexual theory.
The psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behaviour and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud's original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately.
Psychodynamic Theories Introduction goes here. Key Figures Sigmund Freud The father of psychoanalysis, Freud based his theories on the unconscious mind, infantile sexuality and the Oedipal complex, and repression. In addition, he proposed a three-part psychological structure in the Id, considered the pleasure principle, Ego, also known as the reality principle, and Superego, which is the internalized moral principle. According to Thornton (2010), “Freud’s innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation” (para 2). Alfred Adler In 1911, Alfred Adler formed the school of Individual Psychology as a reaction to the hostile response he received from members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created to help measure the needs for power, intimacy, and achievement in regards to motivation. The motivational view I agree with the least is the psychoanalytic view. “The psychoanalytic view of human motivation suggests that behavior is ultimately determined by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives and by the complex intrapsychic conflicts that arise in daily life.” (Pinel, J.P.J. 2008. p. 299). Freud had some beliefs that I believe have been outdated and further researched since his time.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEO Psychodynamic Theories Mike Smith, Christine Smith, Arvan Thompson, Marcy Rigsby PSY/405 Dr. Dave Brueshoff October 17, 2011 Psychodynamic Theories The first psychoanalytic theory was conceived by Sigmund Freud (Meyers, 2007). This was the basis for what we have today regarding psychodynamic personality theories. Sigmund Freud’s contribution to this theory includes his thoughts on the stages of psychosexual development, conscious and unconscious minds, and defense mechanisms. This made way for other great psychologists to offer contributions to psychodynamic personality theories, like Alfred Adler’s individual psychological theory, Melanie Klein’s object relations theory, Carl Jung’s analytical psychology theory, and finally, Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic social theory. In this analysis we will look at two specific parts of analyzing psychodynamic theories.
The allusions he made with Oedipus Rex and Hamlet introduced variety into an otherwise limited discussion. For instance, Freud stated, “Like Oedipus, we live in ignorance of these wishes, repugnant to morality…all of us seek to close our eye to the scenes of our childhood” (Freud 480). This allusion to Oedipus Rex allowed readers to pause and reflect on their own lives. According to Martin Bergmann, author of The Oedipus Complex and Psychoanalytic Technique, wrote, Had he not read Oedipus Rex, the Oedipus Complex would not have been formulated, and psychoanalyses as we know it would not have been created. The achievement was the connection Freud made between personal
This was suggested by Freud. This approach suggests that phobias are learnt through repression and displacement. Repression is a defence mechanism where thoughts that provoke distress are pushed into the unconscious mind so that they don’t have to be dealt with in the conscious mind. Displacement is another defence mechanism when emotions are diverted onto something else away from the thing that caused the anxiety. The theory is mainly based on Freud’s Little Hans study.
These elements include psycho-analyzing the characters (and sometimes even the authors themselves!). They also include comparing the novel to Freud’s theories on sexuality. According to Freud’s theories on sexuality, the studies focus more on the sexuality of the inner human, or more how the Id affects the Ego. Using this specific approach to the novel, one can delve deep into
In case studies there is an aim rather than a hypothesis like an experiment has, which indicates what the psychologist intend to find out and the reason for their investigations. Case studies are also often used to help individuals through a longitudinal study, where the research was collect over a space of time. For example, in the case of Genie, the aim was to try and develop as an individual and protect her from further psychological harm. Whereas in an experiment null, one-tailed or two-tailed hypotheses are made to predict conclusions. Freud used a variety of qualitative methods of data collection, such as, free association, dream analysis and slips of the tongue to uncover unconscious desires, often including death and sexual references.
Freud said that these thoughts are unacceptable to the adult conscious mind so they are relegated to dreams (Freud called this repression) where we can act out our wishes. Freud believed if we did not dream, the energy from the desires would build up to unsafe levels that could threaten an individual’s sanity. This psychoanalytic approach stated that the main function of dreams is to unconsciously fulfil wishes that cannot be satisfied in the conscious mind. Freud distinguished between the real meaning behind dreams, the latent content, and the innocuous form that the dreamer remembers, the manifest content. The process of the underlying wish being converted into the manifest content is called ‘dream work’ and Freud said that this manifest content may be meaningless to anyone but a psychoanalyst.