According to Bowles, 2011, American History 1865 to present End of Isolation, The Black Codes codified some of these feelings into law when in 1865 southern state governments created legislation that restricted and controlled the lives of the ex-slaves. These differed among states, but the Black Codes all shared some general provisions. African Americans could marry, but they outlawed intermarriage between the races. State governments prohibited African Americans from carrying guns, and they could not engage in work other than farming. Some of the codes restricted their travel.
Delegates could know be elected to create a new revised state constitution and governments also all southerners would be pardoned accept for high ranking confederate army officers and government officials. Private property would be protected however this did not include slaves. While most of the Republicans in congress at that time supported the president's plane for reconstructions others wanted to punish the confederacy. One of the flaws to the plan was that it only took ten percent of the voters to decide if they wanted back into the Union This made voting no longer a democracy. On July 2 1864 two Radical Republicans Benjamin Wade and Henry Winter Davis wrote the Wade Davis Bill.
1. Describe Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) landmark Supreme Court case. After the Civil War, black people were not allowed in places reserved for white people. Homer Plessy was mostly white but was somewhat mixed black. He got on a white-only railroad car, and was arrested when he refused to leave.
In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, but that was just the beginning of what would become a long journey that African Americans would have to face trying to gain the same rights as a white man (Separate). While some white Americans welcomed them as fully free and equal citizens, others remained ignorant and refused to accept African Americans as equals in society (Separate). Soon “Jim Crow” laws became common throughout many of the Southern states, and their intentions were to
‘Federal government was the main obstacle to the achievements of African American civil rights between 1865 and 1945.’ How far do you agree? African Americans fight to gain civil rights was a long one; politically they aimed to get the right to vote and to exercise this right. Federal government allowed anti-civil rights groups to deter African Americans from utilising their vote and in 1866 ‘black codes’ were enforced which further prohibited Africa Americans from voting. Federal government allowed states to have control over passing their own laws which states manipulated to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights won through the fifteenth amendment in 1869. After 1869 federal government remained an obstacle throughout this time period.
Sacrifice played a big role in changing the status quo during the 1950s and ‘60s. A few courageous individuals stepped up; inspiring others and putting forth their effort for the freedom of blacks, ultimately, legal segregation was ending. Without courageous people, like Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, and, the public would have not been inspired to stand up for itself. Martin Luther King had a vision of a society in which race was not an issue in how people were treated or in how they were allowed to live their lives. While nothing is perfect or complete in the battle for civil rights, the efforts of King and those like him have, in fact, changed the country and the world, for the better, in non-violent ways.
General John Freemont of Missouri attempted to enact an order which would have freed all slaves. General David Hunter, aware of the potential slaves have to turn the tide to the war, also attempted to enact an order which would have abolished slavery in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Lincoln stops all of these orders from being enacted due to stance of slavery. Lincoln felt that compensated emancipation or colonization for free Blacks in American was the best policy but Union victories increasing in number, Lincoln would enact the Emancipation Proclamation to officially shift the moral authority away from American unity to freedom. The Emancipation Proclamation, initially enacted as a war strategy had been held off for so long because Lincoln believed that making the war about freeing slaves would force slave holding states into seceding from the union but with the end of war in sight, the proclamation is officially
Plessy, who was a man who was one-eighth black and how he was jailed for sitting in a railroad cart that was designated for whites only. This case set a precedent for the creation of 'separate but equal' laws. This source is perfect for providing background knowledge about the roots of the Civil Rights
They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. A couple examples of Jim Crow laws in state of Pennsylvania and in the city of Pittsburgh were, 1869: Education [Statute] Black children prohibited from attending Pittsburgh schools and 1956: Adoption [Statute] Petition must state race or color of adopting parents. It is also important to know that it is also illegal to discriminate against someone because they have opposed illegal discrimination, filed a complaint, or assisted in an investigation. This is called retaliation, and the law protects those who oppose illegal
Plessy v Ferguson was the landmark case decision on May 18, 1896 in which it was upheld by Supreme Court ruling to reinforce the Louisiana law that enforced the segregation of railroad facilities. It was determined that segregation was not considered a form of discrimination so long as the races were ‘equally’ accommodated. This became also known as the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine because it was well known that the conditions were certainly not equal. The overall outcome of this case set the equal rights movement back 100 years until Brown v Board of Education of Topeka overthrew this doctrine in 1954. This ruling was forever change the future of the school system for native born Black Americans and immigrants alike.