Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

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CHAPTER 5 Piping and Instrumentation 5.1. INTRODUCTION The process flow-sheet shows the arrangement of the major pieces of equipment and their interconnection. It is a description of the nature of the process. The Piping and Instrument diagram (P and I diagram or PID) shows the engineering details of the equipment, instruments, piping, valves and fittings; and their arrangement. It is often called the Engineering Flow-sheet or Engineering Line Diagram. This chapter covers the preparation of the preliminary P and I diagrams at the process design stage of the project. The design of piping systems, and the specification of the process instrumentation and control systems, is usually done by specialist design groups, and a detailed discussion of piping design and control systems is beyond the scope of this book. Only general guide rules are given. The piping handbook edited by Nayyar et al. (2000) is particularly recommended for the guidance on the detailed design of piping systems and process instrumentation and control. The references cited in the text and listed at the end of the chapter should also be consulted. 5.2. THE P AND I DIAGRAM The P and I diagram shows the arrangement of the process equipment, piping, pumps, instruments, valves and other fittings. It should include: 1. All process equipment identified by an equipment number. The equipment should be drawn roughly in proportion, and the location of nozzles shown. 2. All pipes, identified by a line number. The pipe size and material of construction should be shown. The material may be included as part of the line identification number. 3. All valves, control and block valves, with an identification number. The type and size should be shown. The type may be shown by the symbol used for the valve or included in the code used for the valve number. 4. Ancillary fittings that are part of the piping system, such as

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