Identify and discuss the evidence presented by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima that there was an African presence in Ancient America before the coming of Christopher Columbus and the Europeans in 1492. The first diaspora was the African diaspora. Studies prove life started on the continent of Africa. Africans then dispersed voluntarily and involuntarily. There has always been controversy about whether or not Africans were first in the Americas through slavery, which has been proven to be false.
I will also be comparing sources, stating their reliability and I will use my own research. Finally, I will conclude on what my opinion is. The Quarry Bank Mill and Styal guide book was published in 1995, hence a secondary source. Therefore it may not be very reliable as it was written over nearly, 150 years after Samuel Greg’s death. One purpose of this book was to interest tourist(s)/people to visit Quarry Bank Mill, so it may have been exaggerated to create a better view of the mill to other readers.
(Before 1800) The Benin kingdom (not to be confused with the modern Republic of Benin) was established before 1400, most likely in the 13th century, just west of the lower reaches of the Niger River in what is today Nigeria. According to oral tradition, the first king of the new dynasty was the grandson of a Yoruba king of Ile-Ife. Benin reached its greatest power and geographical extent in the 16th century. The kingdom’s vicissitudes and slow decline thereafter culminated in 1897, when the British burned and sacked the Benin palace and city. Benin City thrives today, however, and the palace, where the Benin king continues to live, has been partially rebuilt.
Now you should compare them to the summary of more recent research concerning the earliest history of Africa in chapter 2 of AiWH. Then write your Unit Three Essay on this topic: To what extent do the latest scientific and historical views of human origins in Africa support Louis Snyder’s views on “racial differences” of a half century ago? Be as specific as you can by referring to your required reading and study materials. Africa is the birth place of mankind and mother to several different cultures and even though we humans came from this particular continent, the idea of racial differences still emerged. Early perceptions agree that racial differences did not exist.
We will also touch on the subject of how traditional African art and artifacts can easily loose their uniqueness when taken out of context. On a visit to the 2013 Design Indaba, my partner and I conducted various interviews with local designers such as Stuart Douglas and Willard Musarurwa to hear some of their personal feelings on African design and whether or not they view their own work as Avant Garde. Apart from selecting products from the indaba we looked at work from the likes of Georg van Gass of Goet Design, Leon van Rooyan of Van de Vlam’s and also a new range of satirical pot plants by the talented Magda van der Vloed. Through reflecting on modern examples, we aim to explore local designs which represent the spirit of the Avant Garde, and focus on exactly how they achieve this by remaining identifiably African. In order to do this one needs to understand the history behind the Avant Garde and how this trend setting style came about.
Anthropology consists of four subfields which are Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology. This essay will demonstrate the variations of these four subfields and what each subfield entails. Archaeology is the scientific study of past cultures and the way people lived solely based on the things they left behind which includes, but not limited to artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes. The primary purpose of archaeology is to study the undocumented and/or unwritten parts of history. Studies have proven that over 90% of today’s history has been discovered through the study of archaeology.
He has critique and formulated historical theories and methodologies on the African contact. To show and prove that there were contacts between the people of the Atlantic world and Africa before the coming of Columbus; researches have based their arguments on two main pillars of evidence. In this essay it is my aim to prove that the West Africans were in the Americas before Columbus and to provide credible data to prove this notion. Historian scholars and researchers such as Ivan Van Sertima, Leo Wiener, and Peter DeRoo among others have pointed to the importance of West Africa in the Early World History. They have produced credible arguments and evidence to support the contact between the Atlantic world and West Africa before 1492.
The political role of the Aizu clan as the Kyoto Protector(Shugoshoku) before and during the Hamaguri gate incident in 1864 The decade before the Meiji Restoration was turbulent and influenced by many different events, that had take place and also affected the further social and mainly political development of Japan. With the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry’s black ship in 1853, Japan´s self-imposed isolation broke down (ANDRESSEN 2002, p.75). The Tokugawa Shogunate (bakufu) was unable to deal with the foreign interference effectively, which concluded in unequal treaties with unilaterally set tariffs. The Americans were allowed to access harbours for trade and they were regarded with preferential treatment. These unequal treaties were decided and embedded in 1854 in the convention of Kanagawa, signed by Perry and Abe Masahiro the chief senior councillor of the Shogunate’s government, who acted against the Emperor Komei ‘s will, who was against the opening (KEENE 2004, p 11).
THE CONCEPT OF NEOCOLONIALISM Neocolonialism is a concept derived from colonialism; and there is some theoretical consensus concerning its development. Scholars in postcolonial studies like Robert Young, Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin agree that inspite of the looseness of the term, neocolonialism originated with Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first post-independence president. The term neocolonialism first saw widespread use, particularly in reference to Africa, soon after the process of decolonization which followed a struggle by many national independence movements in the colonies following World War II. Upon gaining independence, some national leaders and opposition groups argued that their countries were being subjected to a new form of colonialism, waged by the former colonial powers and other developed nations. Kwame Nkrumah, who in 1957 became leader of newly independent
Colonialism: The One-Armed Bandit In every essay that we have read over the past few weeks, all of the authors talk about how colonialism has ultimately destroyed Africa and their hopes of ever being as great as the other leader nations. Authors like Maria Mies, Walter Rodney, and Jerry Kloby all contribute different explanations as to how the European colonizers have basically destroyed Africa. Mies explains how Africa has no chance of “catching-up” to the other developed countries because of European colonialism. Rodney disputes the claims that colonialism has modernized Africa and how the new advancements being brought in by the colonizers were being more used against Africans than to help them. Then Kloby helps us look at real examples of different times in which colonialism has hurt Africans more than helped them.