Stage 1 is attention, the observer pays attention to the model, stage 2 is memory, this is an effect of how much attention was given to the models behaviour, if the observer remembers the behaviour enough then the behaviour will be recalled, the observer also assesses their own ability and asked themselves if they are capable of carrying out that particular behaviour. Finally the observer is more likely to imitate if they are vaciourusaly reinforced, this is when the model is seen to receive a reward for their behaviour. Some behaviours may not be imitated this is because of vacirous punishment. The observer may see the model being punished for their behaviour and will therefore not imitate it, as they wish to avoid being in trouble. Behaviour is more likely to be repeated if it is rewarded by someone usually a parent, or
Social cognitive gains its strength through numbers. This process requires the observation of other people and their actions in particular situations. Once he or she presents an action, other individuals will learn from them. This theories greatest strength is moral development by the newly acquired behavioral observation. Also another person can use that behavior in a positive or negative way, thereby developing morals.
According to MUS behaviorism is a development theory that measures observable behaviors produced by a learner’s response to stimuli. The learning process for this learning theory is simple. Instead of paying attention to what is going on inside the person or animal, a behaviorist “observes the responses and then manipulates the environment to bring about the intended change” (Bastable, 2011). This theory is more likely to be used in a combination with other learning theories. There are many assumptions of behaviorists.
This in future serves as a guide for a person’s actions. Social learning or process can be applied to many but not all of a person’s traits. The process of social learning can be accidental or on purpose. Albert Bandura, the founder of social learning theory (SLT) which later became social cognitive theory (SCT), asserts that learning occurs through observation and modelling. Observation is the act of careful watching and listening.
The most interesting item to me was learning about “Locus of Control” and whether you or the members of your group possess a strong internal or external control. This can really help when determining what type of reward to use in order to motivate members or the group as a whole. How does this knowledge affect the way you interact in groups? It effects my interactions with groups in that I will be more cognizant of the members and group when dealing with incentives to motivate. As stated in our text book Engleberg and Wynn (2010), “Rewards should be associated with worthy behavior and should be
A Comparison of Behaviorism PSY/310 January 5, 2012 A Comparison of Behaviorism Described as a developmental theory, behaviorism observes and measures behaviors which are produced by a response to a learner’s stimuli. These responses to stimuli are often reinforced using positive and negative feedback to condition and achieve desired behaviors. The educational effects produced while using behaviorism are the key elements in developing the basic skills and foundations to understanding the subject area. The theory of behaviorism states that “knowing is giving the correct response when exposed to a particular stimulus”. (Skinner, 1990).
Classical conditioning was discovered by a Russian man named Ivan Pavlov in the 1890’s. He used dogs to prove his theory on classical conditioning. He showed dogs some food and rang a bell at the same time. After a while, the dogs would associate the bell with the food. They would learn that when they heard the bell, they would get fed.
The behaviourist approach puts forward two explanations of how we learn. The first is called classical conditioning which means learning through reinforcement. Pavlov discovered this when he taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by showing the dogs food and ringing a bell at the same time until the bell became a conditioned stimulus. The second explanation of how we learn is called operant conditioning which means learning through rewards and punishments. Our behaviour is shaped through the consequences of our behaviour.
According to Social Learning theory, models are an important source for learning new behaviors and for achieving behavioral change in institutionalized settings. [2] Social learning theory is derived from the work of Albert Bandura which proposed that observational learning can occur in relation to three models:[3] Live model – in which an actual person is demonstrating the desired behaviour Verbal instruction – in which an individual describes the desired behaviour in detail, and instructs the participant in how to engage in the behavior Symbolic – in which modeling occurs by means of the media, including movies, television, Internet, literature, and radio. This type of modeling involves a real or fictional character demonstrating the behaviour. An important factor of Bandura’s social learning theory is the emphasis on reciprocal determinism. This notion states that an individual’s behaviour is influenced by the environment and characteristics of the person.
He was conducting research on the salivation reflex in dogs, recording how much salivated each time they were fed. He noticed that they started salivating before they were fed. The dogs salivated as soon as they heard the door open, signalling the arrival of food. The dogs had come to associate the sound of the door with food. They had learned a new stimulus response of salivation whenever the door was opened.