Unit 8: Unit code: QCF Level 3: Credit value: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care A/601/2404 BTEC Nationals 5 Guided learning hours: 30 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand the different psychological approaches that can be used when studying and in particular how these can be used to study health and social care. Unit introduction This unit highlights the different psychological perspectives and encourages learners to apply these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will also be examined. Learners will initially consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology, and will begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories as they progress through the unit. Learners will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sectors to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors.
They observe the response individuals make to different situations or different conditions. Like behaviorist, cognitivists believe the environment has an impact upon a learner and what happens in one’s life. Lastly, they both hold that our experiences impact the way we learn. In conclusion, these two schools of psychology clearly have their differences and similarities. Behaviorism and cognitivism in my opinion are one of the most important schools of
Some people may find that they have a main style of learning, with a lesser amount ofuse of the other styles. Therefore learning can be affected by your learning styles, but there are many other influences on learning which I will describe in this leaflet that an affect you’re learning here at South West College. The main influences on learning that I will describe in further in detail are: - Theories of learning - Influences on learning - Skills for learning - Support for learning - Learning opportunities Theories of learning: A learning style is "the way in which an individual experiences the world and how that individual processes and integrates new information." Through the use of "'Learning Styles' just as we receive information about the world around us through our five senses, we also have individual sensory preference as to how we recreate and make sense of that information." (Smith, 2001) These preferences can be visual, auditory or kinaesthetic (VAK).
Bandura believed that humans are able to learn through modeling. Modeling is an observational behavior and it is not purely imitation (Berger, 2011). Modeling allows children especially, to acquire new responses through observing others' behavior. A social model can be a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher, but particularly in childhood a model is someone of authority or higher status. The interaction of nature and nurture is clearly described in social learning theories.
THEORIES OF LEARNING: Piaget’s Theory of Intellectual Development. Piaget’s theory has two main parts, the first relates to how knowledge is acquired, and the second deals with the particular order in which different ways of thinking develop(Nixon & Aldwinckle, 2002).Piaget suggests that intelligence is adaptation, and as we begin to experience our environment we must adjust to it. Piaget also reflects that humans are naturally predisposed in acquiring information in an order that makes sense to survive in the world (Nixon & Aldwinckle, 2002). Piaget also explains the term “schemata” as the way we mentally organize our experiences of the world, and adaptation occurs as a result of assimilation and accommodation, which is the process of responding to new events, or objects, using existing mental structures (Nixon & Aldwinckle, 2002). Piaget’s theory of intellectual development is broken down into four stages; Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, and Formal operational (Nixon & Aldwinckle, 2002).
Over time a stimulus may affect a segment of the population in such a dramatic way that they alter as a society their moral make. “The nature and structure of belief systems is important from the perspective of an informational theorist because beliefs are thought to provide the cognitive foundation of an attitude. In order to change an attitude, then, it is presumably necessary to modify the information on which that attitude rests. It is generally necessary, therefore, to change a person's beliefs, eliminate old beliefs or introduce new beliefs." (Richard Petty) The unfolding of time brings changes and transitions to societies.
Researchers have tested and advanced his theories and many existing views in cognitive psychology are based on Piaget’s theories. Piaget anticipated that cognitive development and development of mental abilities, happens as we become accustomed to the altering world around us. He described adaption as the nonstop process of using the environment to learn and of learning to alter to changes that come about in the environment. He suggested that adaptation consists of two related process which he called assimilation and accommodation. These two ways are the processes in which we interconnect with the environment.
Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling; from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for future actions. Observational learning is when learning happens by observing other people’s actions. Observational learning involves cognitive processes such as attention, motor skills, motivation, and memory. For observational learning to take place the person who is observing the behavior needs to be paying attention to it in order to learn it. Another important
Transformational learning process is defined as learning that induces more far-reaching change in learning. The mindset includes the attitudes, perspectives, rationales and logic; how people perceive their problems and opportunities, and how they deal with them. Transformative learning is the way human beings communicate. When you understand what motivates you, you can change and grow, and then you can develop a planned approach. The transformational learning cycle goes into stages of recognizing a significant problem, dealing with the problem, and finding a solution and putting things into a different perspective in your life.
Social Learning Theory and Child Development Name: Institution: Social Learning Theory and Child Development Albert Bandura is the theorist who proposed the social learning theory, which has become one of the most significant theories of human learning and development. He believed that direct reinforcement cannot explain all categories of learning. This theory added a new component, holding that individuals can learn new behaviors, values, and information through watching other individuals. Modeling or observational learning can be utilized in explaining a range of human behavior (Akers, 2009). Bandura holds that behavior is learnt through observational learning process from the environment.