Jim should aim to lose 33.8 lbs. and Mickey should aim to lose 18.8 lbs. Q #2: As children, Mickey and Jim did not eat any differently from other children but gained more weight. Why is this? They may have not been as active as the other children, or had a lower BMR and other genetic things going on.
Should the null hypothesis be rejected for the difference between the two groups in change in mobility scores over 12 weeks? Provide a rationale for your answer. The null hypothesis is: Women with OA receiving guided imagery with PMR will not have reduction in mobility difficulty than those in the control group after 12 weeks . Since the α for the study is 0.05 and the p value is 0.005, p value is less than the α (p 0.005 < α 0.05) therefore the null hypothesis will be rejected, meaning that a significant difference does exists between the control group and the intervention or experimental group. In other words the study showed a reduction in mobility difficulty of women with OA who received the treatment of GI and PMR F(1, 22) 9.619, p 0.005 3.
Interestingly in the Rutter study those who were adopted before the age of 6 months tended to show a more marked improvement compared to their older counterparts. This seems to coincide with Schaffer and Emerson’s Glaswegian infant study which showed that children below the age of 6 months treat everything indiscriminately having not formed an attachment. So naturally by definition the Romanian infants below 6 months couldn’t and didn’t suffer privation and so therefore didn’t suffer the effects of it later. However with the Rutter study it is hard to establish cause and effect. Many of the children suffered cognitive deficits but this might have rather been a result of a lack of substantial intellectual stimulation within the institutions as opposed to privation.
Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double-bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics. However this evidence might not be reliable, as patients recall may be affected by their schizophrenic. Other studies are less supportive. Liem measured patterns of parental communications in families of schizophrenic children and found no difference when compared with normal children. Expressed emotion (EE) involves high levels of negative emotion (e.g.
Outline and evaluate research findings into cross cultural studies of attachment If attachment is an innate behaviour we would expect attachment behaviours to be very similar across the world. Infant attachment styles in various cultures have been studied using the strange situation test. There are differences and similarities in attachment types between cultures. German infants showed a different pattern of attachment than the other groups. Only 40% of them were securely attached, 49% of them were anxious and avoidant, and the remaining 11% were anxious and resistant.
At an early age boys tend to be more aggressive than girls, due to the ability to socialize being easier for girls than for boys thereby, creating gender difference in antisocial behavior. Also at an earlier age girls are more apt to show empathy and guilt than males. This difference may also include parenting and the way the parents respond to a difficult child, the mother being more empathetic to the child than the
One of the earliest studies done by Johannes Lange found that MZ twins showed a much higher degree of concordance for criminal behaviour than DZ twins. But, as said above, it was questioned as to whether the twins were either DZ or MZ, so the data here is
The brain is the organ most affected in Rett Syndrome and is typically underweight. The average size of a mature Rett brain is approximately the same as a 12-month child. Neurons within the Rett brain display significant decreases in dendritic branching and somal size and elevated neuronal packing density. Also, Blue et al (1999 a, b) have demonstrated abnormalities in receptor densities: AMPA and NMDA receptors are increased in the young Rett brain (80% of guts with a diagnosis of RS have been found to have some type of MeCP2 error. The role of MeCP2 in brain development is not fully understood at this time.
Besides that, non-physical punishment, such as withdrawal of privileges would have more possibility to achieve the goals of parental discipline (Weiten, 2010, p. 253). There might be some short-term advantages for applying corporal punishment, however, unexpected rebound of negative effects may occur after a longer period of time (Straus, 2001, p.54). According to Kazdin and Benjet, spanking was associated with poor quality of relationship between parents and children, worse mental health, decreased moral internalization, increased delinquency and sociopathic for children, and increased lawbreaker (Kazdin & Benjet, 2003, p. 101). Compared with those children who were not spanked, the children who were spanked were more irate, strained and hostile (Kazdin & Benjet, 2003, p. 102). Spanking, which considered as a corporal punishment, has been prohibited by many countries including the United States of America.
Ethnicity Studies have shown that educational attainment is lower for most ethnic groups compared to those of White British Children. Despite the positive impact of early years education, it is known that fewer children from ethnic minority groups participate in formal pre-school childcare, compared with white children (Fitzgerald, et al., 2002). Strand (1999) has show that pupils with early education had higher attainment than those with no early education. In Early year’s non- white children are under-represented. Mothers from ethnic minority groups are more likely to stay at home with their children.