They both found out that children who were adopted by different families to their biological ones were more likely to develop attachments with 20/21 children developing attachments at age 8 and 17/21 when age 16. Whereas children who were restored to their natural parents were less likely to develop an attachment, with only 6/13 developing attachments at age 8 and 5/9 at age 16. Tizard and Hodges concluded that adopted children would develop good family relationships, whereas most restored children kept on experiencing problems and hardships in their family relationships most of all with their siblings. However both groups showed somewhat difficulty when it came to making relationships outside of their own family, whether they could make them within their family or
The results were that after four years the two groups of children showed no significant differences in intellectual or physical development. Those who were in Britain before the age of 6 months were said to have developed greater than those who arrived after. AO2 * However there is a problem with this study as we cannot assume that each of the children had the exact same treatment and amount of care meaning we need to take into account mediating factors. Therefore those who recovered at a better rate, such as the ones who arrived in Britain before the age of 6 months may have received less abuse than the ones who arrived later. Thus it may have been easier for them to recover and the age in which they discovered did not have an impact, which limits to the reliability of the results.
Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double-bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics. However this evidence might not be reliable, as patients recall may be affected by their schizophrenic. Other studies are less supportive. Liem measured patterns of parental communications in families of schizophrenic children and found no difference when compared with normal children. Expressed emotion (EE) involves high levels of negative emotion (e.g.
Spread of Infectious Diseases Among Children During the 1950s and Resolutions to These Outbreaks “Children inherit a variable amount of immunity from the mother; it does not last long, but usually is adequate to tide them over for the first year of life” (Van Dellen 20). However, in the 1950s, children began to acquire less protection compared to children from the past. Since the mothers were not acquiring these threatening diseases, they were transmitting fewer antibodies to protect their babies of these diseases. Consequently, the number of infectious diseases occurring in early childhood became a major concern. Some contagious diseases infecting the children during this time period included poliomyelitis, Staphylococcus, diphtheria,
One incorrect confederate made little difference to the answers, but the influence steadily increased if two or three people disagreed. The figures did not change much after this point; more confederates made little difference. The number of people in the group also made a difference; the influence of dissenting voices leveled off for groups of more than six or seven people. The experiments also showed that, even if only one other participant disagreed with the confederates, the subject was more likely to resist peer pressure; it appears to be more difficult to resist the majority if
He found that early and intensive daycare results in children being insecurely attached than children where the onset was later and less intensive. He recommended that young children, under the age of two, should not be placed in daycare for any time over 20 hours. Yet, his conclusions may not be valid as the strange situation may not be an effective tool for assessing as daycare itself results in prolonged separation that they can be accustomed to. Equally, Belsky can be criticised as he does not account for the quality of daycare in his studies. Andersson performed a study in Sweden which indicated that good quality daycare led to positive social and intellectual advantages.
This bought on Marketisation where schools try to attract other students by raising standards to show they are most successful. On the other hand, sociologists disagree as most educational reforms have not helped all students, only some or wasn’t very effective enough to help improve educational experiences. For example, the Foster Act wasn’t very helpful as the teaching was dire and students were less successful therefore resulted them in having weak qualifications and bad experiences. The Butler Act system with the 11+ exam was mostly based on middle class children therefore they had a better chance than working class. This was unequal as they had an advantage even though the test was the same.
Effects of day care on children's social development ( eg agression, peer relations) One aspect of social development that could be affected by day care is a young child's attachment to its parents. However, the findings do not provide a clear message , as some early studies failed to identify differences in the quality of mother-infant attachment between infants who were reared at home and those who that attended a day care of had a childminder. However Belsky and Rovine ( 1988) found that children who spent more than 20 hours per week in day care were more insecure atached than home-cared children. Also a number of investigations have reported that children who have been in day care are more likely to show higher levels of agression. The EPPE project(2003 by Sylva) has followed 3000 children in UK, since the age of 3, in a variety of pre-school settings, including nurseries, childminders and play groups.
One research from journal Nature lab study shows how we can identify the 6 to 10months old are preferred good guys to bad guys, because this concept might reflect the foundation of moral action and it may form an essential basis for more abstract concepts of right and wrong. It leads to the next study of “babies know what is fair”, but the studies of 19 to 21month olds shows that children’s positive social inclinations are so deeply ingrained that it doesn’t matter what parents say or do. Also another experiment studying from the big mother study showed that small children helped others whether or not a parent commanded them to help or was even present. The most interesting thing about the entire studies is that there isn’t a moral module that is there innately. But the elements that underpin morality – altruism,
This quote is saying that although some kids grow up fine in a different race family, some do not, in which they faced a lot of hate from people of the community, affecting them mentally and physically. Kids in transracial adoptions are not as prepared for the community and people around them when it comes to hate and racist comments, compared to someone living with people of the same ethnicity. However, statistics show that the children do not differ from others of the same race, even if they are adopted. It states, “Children of interracial adoptions grow with the same sense of pride and develop the same family relationships as birth children raised in the same households.” (Source C). This means that those kids who know the difference between their family, due to their race, are more knowledgeable and shown to be more proud of their ethnicity.