Healthcare applications of Chemical reactions Discussion 1 * What is the difference between biochemical, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic chemical reactions in healthcare? The basic aims of health profession are to get the understanding and maintenance of health and understanding and effective treatment of diseases. Biochemistry greatly effects on both aspects. Biochemical studies clarified many aspects of health and disease, and conversely, the study of various aspects of health and disease has opened up new areas of biochemistry. Diagnostic chemical reactions are those used for medical testing purposes such as a glucose tolerance test.
In a system in steady state the balance between inflow and output of energy is constant over time, and there is no net change in storage within the system through time. When steady state equilibrium applies to a stable open system, it is possible to maintain steady state under changing conditions provided that the system can adjust quickly enough to the change (which is often promoted by external factors, like climate change). Adjustment involves negative feedback mechanisms that automatically create new internal distributions of energy and material within the system. A steady state equilibrium is a common feature of open systems. A static equilibrium, in which there is no change, is a condition to which natural systems can be compared.
Microcalorimetry experiment was performed on Setaram−C80 heat flow calorimeter coupled to a multiport high-vacuum homemade glass manifold. A specific amount of the sample (approx. 500 mg) was taken into a sample cell, reference cell was taken as empty and together they are connected with Pyrex tee. The sample was heated from room temperature to 200°C under vacuum and kept for 2 h, then 3-4 doses of helium gas were introduced into the system to remove any excess residue such as moisture or organic impurity from the system. The system was heated for 4-5 hr under vacuum at 200°C and then cooled down to the temperature (50°C) where we want to perform the adsorption study.
Phenolphthalein) is used to show the equivalence point has reached by changing colours. Titration experiments are used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base, if either acid or base concentration known, the other unknown concentration can be find out by measuring how much it takes to neutralize, which is a useful experiment. The Bronsted-Lawry theory about acid and base, describes as follows; an acid a proton (hydrogen ion) donor, a base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor, or any component that can transfer proton to any other component is and acid and any component that accepts the proton is base. The theory says a substance can function as an acid only when a base is presented, and also other way round, a substance can only function as a base in the present of an acid. This theory consider a large
Calculate the exact normality of Na2S2O3 knowing that in this chemical reaction 1 gram-equivalent of K2Cr2O7 react with 1 gram-equivalent of Na2S2O3 (1 mole K2Cr2O7 react with 6 moles Na2S2O3). Determination of peroxide value. Weigh 3.00 g oil (with precision of 0.001 g) into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 10 ml chloroform and swirl to dissolve oil. Add 15 ml acetic acid,
Adjust the percent transmittance to 100% 4)our out the water in the cuvet, and fill with 2/3 of the reference solution. Read and record absorbance data. Read from lower concentration to higher concentration. 5)Continue to collect absorbance data for al reference and test solutions 6)Dispose of the contents of the cuvets. Data Tables #1 Reference Solutions for the Calibration Curve Sample [FeSCN2+] Absorbance Reference Solution #1 4x10-5 .2034 Reference Solution #2 6x10-5 .3028 Reference Solution #3 8x10-5 .3915 Reference Solution #4 1.0x10-4 .4908 Reference Solution #5 1.2x10-4 .5768 #2 Test Solutions Temperature - 21.9°C Sample [Fe3+] [SCN-] Absorbance Test Solution #6 1.0x10-3 2.0x10-4 .1002 Test
Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse in and out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer; ions and glucose molecules enter and leave the cell via the channel proteins. Waste products such as nitrogenous compounds are carried to the kidneys and are excreted in the form of urine. Antidiuretic hormone, (ADH), is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It is carried by the plasma to the kidney and stimulate the occurrence of water reabsorption. When the body is dehydrated, ADH is released, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable.
Then by writing a balanced chemical equation and using the titration formula, Nb+Ma+Va=Na+MbVb , the molarity is able to be determined. Procedure: 1) Using the graduated cylinder add 10.0 mL of water into the Erlenmeyer flask. 2) Add 5.0 mL of HCl into the flask using another graduated cylinder because acid goes into water when mixing them. 3) Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the flask. 4) Swirl the flask in circular movements to mix the substances.
If the basement membrane is cover by several layers of cells it is called stratified epithelium. The cells in a squamous epithelium are thin and flat, and have an irregular shape. A simple squamous epithelium is located in regions where absorption or diffusion takes place. An example of where this can be found is in the lining of the heart and blood vessels. Smooth linings are important here because any irregularity in the lining could cause a blood clot.
| Circulatory system | | The human circulatory system (simplified). Red indicates oxygenated blood, blue indicates deoxygenated. (Not depicted are the intricate network ofcapillaries, as well as the entire lymphatic system.) | Latin | systema cardiovasculare | The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases, stabilize body temperature and pH, and to maintainhomeostasis.