(Troops were raised but mostly untrained). They got to Cadiz but found a huge wine store, drunkenness and poor discipline. The fleet was forced to return back to England but Buckingham insisted to wait to see if they could make an attack on the Spanish fleet. This was a huge failure and because of Buckingham’s decision they did not have enough food to make it back and most died before they got home. Fierce criticism of Buckingham's failed decision in the Cadiz expedition was heard in Parliament.
In source 4 we also learn that much must have depended on diplomatic relations with Maximilian and Ferdinand, however Henry’s allies proved unfaithful and unreliable. Source 4, is written by a member of the Government of England. The government is who Henry and Wolsey would go to for Money for these situations. The Government did not like how much Money Henry kept asking for so this could have been reflected in Keith Randall’s report. Henry spent 1.4 millions pounds on fighting wars between 1511-25 and this set England back a far way.
King James Phase 1- 1603-1612 Ministers James’s key minister (above all favourites) was Robert Cecil, secretary of State since 1590, created Earl of Salisbury in 1605, appointed Lord Treasurer in 1608. He lost credibility with the failure of the Great Contract in 1610 and died in 1612, bringing the first phase of James’s rule to an end. Robert Carr came to court in 1607 and became James’s favourite. He had little political influence until the death of Salisbury Religion 1603- Puritans presented James with the Millenary Petition demanding change to the Church. 1604- Hampton Court Conference.
Shehab Amin How important was Buckingham in the breakdown of relations 1625-29? Between the years 1625 and 1629 Charles’ favourite the Duke of Buckingham had a huge influence on English politics, the breakdown of relations between Crown and Parliament can be said to be because of how he used this power directly, for example the military failures at this time and relations with France, which he was directly behind. But as a separate point of conflict was religion, the rise of Armenianism. Other factors however such as tonnage & poundage, did cause problems with Charles but again without Buckingham these wouldn’t have been major points of conflict. In 1625 Buckingham decided England needed a new ally in Europe in France after the failure of the Spanish match, they could see diplomatic advantages, France was becoming worried about the successes of the Hapsburg Spanish and might be persuaded to take part against them.
However, this only lasted for 3 months and changed when Henry’s son Edward IV was born, resulting in Richard not being able to claim the title of heir. Over the next few years, both the Yorkists and the Lancastrians built up their forces. But in 1459, 4 years after Richard lost his position as Captain lieutenant of Calais, as Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset was appointed Captain of Calais, Richard then turned his efforts on two plans; getting rid of Somerset and becoming king. This also lead to the Yorkists being defeated at Ludford Bridge, whilst York, Salisbury and
On the one hand stood the supporters of Charles: the Royalists. On the other stood the supporters of Parliament: the Parliamentarians. In the two years that led to war a number of different events occurred which could be seen as causes of the Civil War and each of these events have importance. The key question is: when did the war become Inevitable? One early cause of the Civil War was The Earl of Strafford’s execution in May 1641.
‘Arminianism was the most important cause of conflict between Crown and Parliament in the years 1625 to 1629’ explain why you agree or disagree with this view. Arminianism was important for the collapse of the relationship between Crown and Parliament to a certain extent, as religious conflicts were an underlying theme throughout the period of 1625 to 1629. Furthermore many Puritans feared that Charles was trying to push towards Arminianism, and so did everything they could to prevent this, causing much tension. However due to Charles’ personal monarchy, he shaped the way he wanted the country to be run thus was the root cause of the deterioration in the Crown-Parliament relationship. The most important factor and root for all of the problems was Charles.
On September 16, 1400, Glyndŵr instigated the Welsh Revolt against the rule of Henry IV of England. A group of Owain's supporters proclaimed him Prince of Wales at Glyndyfrdwy. Although initially successful, the uprising was eventually put down. After the final battles of the revolt in 1412, little is known of Owain Glyndwr. Flashes of sporadic violence against the English continued, but by bandits and outlets rather than any semblance of an organised military force.
To What Extent Was Parliament More To Blame Than Charles l For The Failure Of Settlement In The Years 1646 – 1649? The failure to reach a constitutional settlement in the English civil war is something that holds many debates on who really was at fault. Both the parliament and King Charles l contributed toward the failure of settlement, but who was really to blame? King Charles l was a very stubborn character and I feel that his unwillingness to change heavily played a role in no settlement being secured. Oliver Cromwell held many negotiation sessions with King Charles l who characteristically quibbled whilst opening new negotiations with the Scots.
Why was Gladstone unable to win the campaign for Home Rule in 1885 and again in 1893? Gladstone was unable to win the campaign for Home Rule in 1886 and again in 1893 mainly because of the strong Conservative opposition in the House of Lords. This feeling is exhibited by Source N when the 1886 Home Rule Bill failed at the first hurdle, the House of Commons, despite Parnell expressing that it is only a small proportion of Protestants that ‘sought to rekindle the…almost expiring embers of religious bigotry’ the MPs failed to be won over by his argument. The idea of distaste for Parnell is reinforced with the Unionism of Protestant Ireland indicating that because he was seen as a Fenian terrorist, giving into him would be giving into violence and untrustworthy methods like the Land league, a cover for Fenianism. Similarly Source K exhibits the hatred Ulster Unionists felt towards Home Rule as they ‘would resort to force’ to ensure their prosperity was not compromised by a terrorists wishes to become independent.