Identity And Social Integration In Canada

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IDENTITY AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION: GIRLS FROM A MINORITY ETHNO-CULTURAL GROUP IN CANADA' RATNA GHOSH McGill University "Identity ... is a matter of becoming as well as of being" Stuart Hall This article looks at identity as an important factor in integration into society. Integration is not only a personal and individual process; it is also a dialectical one. It involves contradictions (conflicts) in individual selfconstruction (identity). It also implies construction and re-construction of social relationships related to an individual's experiences defiined by their location in terms of gender, race, culture and class. This process of reconstruction of identity is what has been called "a process of 'becoming' and 'being'." ABSTRACT.…show more content…
The dauglhters of South Asian Canadian women, like other girls, grow up in society with minority status as females and may experience discriminationi. However, as minority feminist scholars have pointed out, the experiences of minority women are different from those of women fromn the majority culture. It is not only that they are potentially subject to two forms of oppression (sexism and racism), but that the combination of the two makes it different, not simply more acute. The multiple instances/levels of oppression may induce what Carty (1993) and Mohanty (1997) have called multilayered marginalization in the lives of non-European women. Not to recognize this difference in experiences is to deny the differences in the sexism which black and white women experience, and the racism which men and women encounter. It also ignores the positive aspects of racial, gender and class identities (Spelman, 1982). Another reason for focusing otn girls is to unmask the underlying power differentials in gender relations. The experiences of girls of South Asian origin in Canada are different from those of other cultures and countries. This is because South Asian Canadians, particularly the women, have been seen to be at great variance not only in racial terms (i.e., biological characteristics) but also in ethnic terms (i.e., culturally…show more content…
Several policy initiatives and legislation have strengthened this. In its initial stages, multiculturalism was interpreted and implemented in a manner which stripped culture of its political aspect and implied consensus within the rhetoric of a "just" society. It focused almost exclusively on cultural pluralism (in terms of cultural retention) rather than on equity issues. The Multiculturalism Act of 1988 calls on the government to foster equality and access for all Canadians. This change in interpretation of multiculturalism from recognizing diversity to promoting full and equitable participation of Canadians of all origins is a crucial one. The objective of the new Race Relations and Cross-Cultural Understanding Program is to eliminate racial discrimination at the individual and institutional levels. The 1986 federal Employment Equity Act (Canada, 1986) involves removal of barriers that limit the participation and life clhances of women and visible minorities (as well as native and disabled persons). In The Vertical Mosaic, John Porter (1965) depicted Canadian society as one of hierarchy based principally on ethnicity and class. Those groups, which were seen to be at greatest variance from the Anglophone (English-speaking) and Francophone (French-speaking) majority cultures (in terms of social distance), were at the bottom of the

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