Henry had a very aggressive policy on France throughout his rein until he eventually decided on trying to become the peacemaker of Europe. Henry wanted to regain the lost territory in northern France so he could be seen as a Great War lord with visions of honour and glory but also to challenge Henry V’s title of the last great English warrior. The first sign of this aim being put into place is the first French war from 1512-1514. However the first expedition on June 1512 was a disastrous failure as Ferdinand of Aragon didn’t hold up his end of the deal for an allied invasion. This shows Henrys naivety in foreign policy and the other European powers were using him to benefit themselves whilst sending him to his downfall.
The federalist wanted to become allies with Britain, while the anti-federalist wanted to become allies with the French, who had helped them in the Revolutionary War. The most influential leader for the federalists was a man named Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton believed that America should choose to ally with Britain instead of France because he believed that Britain would help America with trade. In Document I, Hamilton states that any man who is apologetic towards France is a fool and traitor. During the 1700s it was serious to be
Nationalism was needed to unify Germany, but Metternich, the Austrian Chancellor of State, suppressed nationalism to prevent the breakup of the Austrian empire. With the downfall of Metternich, Austria was weakened and thus made it easier for Prussia to defeat Austria and gain complete control over the unification process, making a unified Germany under Prussian rule possible. Bismarck formed alliances, obtained land, and used realpolitik which were more policies/actions to support Prussia. However, to a lesser degree, he used the Zollverein, or German Customs Union to exclude Austria from Germany. He, therefore, would be considered more of a Prussian nationalist.
Bismarck’s desire was to alienate France from European affairs, a France which had become resurgent and powerful after the Franco-Prussian war. In order to achieve this, he needed to remain on good terms with both Russia and Austria-Hungary, thus he formed the Dreikaiserbund (1873-1878). However, the significance of this alliance was not so great, as Austria refused to agree to any military help. Furthermore, both Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals in the Balkans, thus making the relations between them and Germany volatile. A few years later, a crisis arose in the Balkans, as a result of which, the Dreikaiserbund was terminated.
Relationships between Russia and Britain were strained for a long time during the Cold War, mainly because of Russia’s determination to spread their influence over the eastern countries. All four eras show the changes in the relationships over time. Russia and Germany’s relations were more significant in the Wilhelm Period as they knew that they needed each other in order to secure themselves; so obviously they needed to form positive relations with one another. The Reinsurance Treaty of 1887 was a secret agreement between Germany and Russia arranged by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. The Treaty came about after the “Three Emperors’ League” (Germany, Austria and Russia), collapsed because of disagreements between Austria-Hungary and Russia for spheres of influence in the Balkans.
Russia also feared the growing German threat and sought to ally itself with Great Britain, France, and even Germany itself for protection. The British, for their part, tried hard to remain out of the conflict, but found that having the world's most powerful navy made that impossible. Rebellious provinces within the Austro-Hungarian Empire made central Europe extremely unstable, and the leaders of the Ottoman Empire in the Near East sought to expand their power. Historians have generally noted that the European powers had managed to avoid war for so long, that when it did
World History Since 1500 04/10/11 Chapter 27 Chapter 27 was about World War I and its economic and political consequences. There were a couple sections that interested me greatly throughout chapter 27. The first section that interested me a lot was the section titled “World War I.” The main section of this that I thought was interesting was the events that led up to the beginning of World War I. In the 19th century, Russia, and Austria competed to expand their influence into the Ottoman Empire. They openly disagreed on the building of railroads through the peninsula, and boundary revisions.
The treaty of Versailles was a between Austria-Hungary and Germany being the central powers, British, France and the U.S being the Allied powers. The leaders of the countries that signed the treaty were George Clemenceau, prime minister of France, David Lloyd George, for Britain, and Woodrow Wilson, president of the U.S. All three political leaders wanted different things for the treaty and sometimes did not agree with each other. Georges Clemenceau’s main objective was to ensure France’s security so that they don’t get invaded again. He was determined to keep Germany down and wanted revenge against them. He wanted to punish Germany and weaken them for what they have caused to European countries and wanted them to pay for the reparations so that France can rebuild itself.
With Roosevelt believing that Great Britain was their key for America’s security the U.S. policy started to change. He started to remove the neutrality acts to help Great Britain. Since Great Britain still controlled the seas Roosevelt ended the arms embargo so it could only
Druga Gymnasia- Ib Diploma program | Why did collective security fail to keep peace between 1920 and 1935? | | | | 25/5/12012 | Berina Beširović III1 IB | The League of Nation`s major aim was consisted of four optimistic elements that were planned to bring prosperity for Europe: encourage cooperation, stop aggression, disarmament and improvement of social conditions. The basis for success in these aims was maintaining collective security which was what League wanted to provide securing peace and stability in Europe. Even though League had both strengths and weaknesses it did not avert its own policy of collective security from failing which automatically meant road to new war. This essay examines the reasons why collective security failed in years 1920-1935, and reasons for the failure can be grouped in four big categories: internal issues of collective security, external issues, impact of Great Depression and final decline due to events of 1930s.