The main criticism of these schemes is the fact that the money which is supposedly meant to aid the poorest people in the country who are most in need is actually diverted to those who are richer instead. This is apparent through some of the major failures of the structural adjustment programmes which are loans lent to countries that are in extremely desperate situations. Benin for example, has endured severe economic instability, partly due to the SAP provided to the country as it encouraged them to export the raw materials they had instead of manufacturing them. This essentially prevented the country from developing its economy as ultimately jobs were provided in manufacturing elsewhere. This loan led to a widening in the gap between the rich and the poor which became increasingly apparent due to Benin accepting the SAP.
There is no denying that the power that Austrian Empire held from 1820 and 1848 was influential and was one of the reasons the Italian revolutionaries failed. This is why some argue that the main reason of the failed attempt to unite Italy was the brute force of the Austrian military and navy. However, many argue that this was merely one factor of many. Some argue that the reason that Italy’s revolutionaries failed was due to the geographical fragmentation of Italy and the fact that this consequently leads to parochialism within these individual sectors. However, the argument that carries the greatest weight is that the individuals who led these revolts and were at the forefront of the revolutionary movements were not united themselves in how they wanted Italy to unite.
In Bellamy’s opinion, the agricultural economy and the private capital was inefficient and only benefitted the wealthy, while the working class continued to suffer. The lower class people of the nation had to work unreasonable conditions to escape, what seemed to be, the inevitable fate of poverty. Many workers protested their jobs in hopes of change, which ultimately lead to furthering their poverty because the upper class had no sympathy for the poor, even when they tried to stand up for themselves. Bellamy clearly shows his thoughts of hopelessness in his community that he lived in by the following passage: “…it was merely a question of thickness of their skulls when they would discover the fact and make up their minds to endure what they cannot cure” (12). Bellamy saw the select few who were wealthy as abusers of their power and money.
The Missouri Compromise created a geographical boundary that separated which states were to legalize slavery and which would not (Doc F). This line represented a huge conflict between the two halves of the nation that would eventually influence the start of the Civil War. Another detriment of the Era of Good Feelings was the economic crisis that hurt the entire nation. This economic crisis was caused by two factors: Congress’s decisions and the Second National Bank. Congress increased tariffs on imports to reduce the competition for domestic goods, but this decision hurt the farmers in the south (Doc A).
To what extent was Italy politically and economically united in the years 1896 – 1914? Between 1896 and 1914 there were huge political and economic changes that occurred in Italy. There was some progress politically due to Giolitti’s system of appeasing people, however, various different political groups were formed like the socialists, nationalists and anarchists, which therefore show a sign of disunity. Although, economically, Italy did grow between these years with the boom in agricultural industry for example, this growth did not unite Italy as the growth was mainly seen in the North and less so in the South. Hence Italy was economically and politically fragmented.
On order to capitalise on this new process, the south needed lots of cheap labour, and found it in the form of slaves. As the Northern climate could not support the cotton plant, the Northern and Southern economy began to grow apart, until they were extremely different, with the Northern economy focussing on industrialisation, and the Southern economy remaining as an agricultural economy. This meant that they had different goals when it came to their economy, and that different things would benefit them. In particular, they clashed over import taxes
How successfully did Italian government deal with problems faced from 1896 to 1914? Between these two dates, it was the Liberal government that was in charge of Italy and overall had dealt with the problems they faced, quite successfully. The main problems that the faced were political, social, economical, and issues with the foreign policy, including the competition with Italian society and the crisis they faced with the ‘Battle of Adowa’. Some of the main problems he faced were political. For example, a major issue during this period was the transformismo; a coalition created by Giovanni Giolitti that influenced Liberals, Nationalists, Catholics and Socialist who did not get along – making the issues that would later arise inevitable.
There were somes reasons to cause the Great Depression. The maldistribution of purchasing power caused a weakness in consumer demand. As industrial and agricultural production increased, the proportion of the profits going to potential consumers was too small to creat an adequate market for the goods the economu was producing. The credit structure was bad. Farmers were deeply in debt.
The Fordney McCumber Tariff of 1922 was a law introduced in the United States with the purpose to protect American farms and factories from foreign exports. The tariff however only made the situation that farmers were already facing worse. The tariffs meant that foreign exports to the United States were extremely expensive and therefore if Americans opted not to buy foreign goods the Foreigners would make less money from their foreign exports and therefore have less money to spend on U.S food. The result of this was a severe agricultural crisis faced by farmers across the American
However, economically speaking Russia was one of the most underdeveloped countries in Europe. The country’s economy was based on a backward agricultural system; peasants would have to produce grain on mostly infertile land to pay for the land given by them by the government in the belief that they would use it to grow crops in return for their “freedom”. The complications of this system made it underproductive, and meant that it was difficult to rely on grain export alone for money for industrial development. The lack of industrial revolution also meant that a change in this system seemed unlikely. During the reign of Alexander III, Russia underwent