On the base of the frontal lobe it overlies the anterior perforated substance through which the striate arteries enter the interior of the brain. On the temporal lobe the olfactory cortex covers the rostral portion of the parahippocampal gyrus including a medial bulge known as the uncus or uncinate gyrus. From the olfactory cortex, olfactory information is relayed via the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to the insular and orbitofrontal cortex. The insular cortex, which is buried in the depths of the Sylvian fissure, also
Hemispheric specialization refers to the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions, such as language, emotions, motor control and so on ( Feldman, 2009). The brain is a part of the central nervous system which is the subdivision of the nervous system. Its main role is to process sensory information from various parts of the body to make them meaningful. The brain receives sensory information from all parts of the body through the spinal cord (Passer & Smith, 2009). Basically, the brain is divided into three parts.
White matter is a component of the central nervous system, in the brain and superficial spinal cord, and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers. Gray matter is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes) and capillaries. Grey matter is
Unit 5- anatomy and physiology for health and social care Tissue types within the human body Nervous tissue Function of the nervous tissue include acting as a sensory input, incorporation, organisation of muscles and glands, homoeostasis and mental activity. All living cells have the capability of react to stimuli. The nervous tissue specialised to react to stimuli and conducts impulses to various organs in the body which bring about a response to the stimulus. The basic structure of the nervous tissue is a neuron, consisting of a nervous cell body and serval processes dendrites, which carrys impulses towards the nervous cell body and axon which carry impulses away from the cell body. Nervous tissues are found is all organs in the body some have more than others thought, Maximum in the nervous system, least in fatty deposits.
In most species it consists of two parts, the Central Nervous System and peripheral nervous system. The Central Nervous System contains the brain and spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous System consists mainly of nerves that connect the Central Nervous System to all the other parts of the body such as muscles and organs. The Peripheral Nervous System also includes the enteric nervous system, a somewhat independent part of the nervous system whose function is to control the gastrointestinal system. The nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron.
Briefly describe the function of myelin and discuss the neuropsychological impact of one disorder which causes demyelination. The human nervous system (NS), encompasses the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves (PNS), is arguably the most diverse of machines due to the structure and complexity of its organisational functions. Fundamental aspects of the NS are the connections between the structures, functions and the flow of information where cells are organised as networks and circuits to process information (Thibodeau & Patton, 2005). The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS) (Thibodeau & Patton, 2005), where axons, nerves and neurons serves essential purposes. Oligodendrocyte produces a white substance call myelin that insulates the axons (Gross, 2009); destruction to the myelin consequently produces diseases called myelin disorders which results in demyelination (Thibodeau & Patton, 2005).
Provide physical protection Control permeability Provide sensation Produce specialized secretions There are various specialized types of epithelia. They can be sorted by cell shape and the number of cells between the basement membrane and the exposed surface of the epithelium. The three basic shapes of epithelial are squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. If the basement membrane is only covered by one layer of cells it is called a simple epithelium. If the basement membrane is cover by several layers of cells it is called stratified epithelium.
How do the physical properties of the ears help the brain decode and interpret sounds? Sound travels as osccialtion through some medium. The function of ears is to transmit the sound into electric messages which are sent to the brain which perceives and interprets the sound. Ears consist of three parts the outer ear, middle and inner ears. The outer ear consists of the pinna which collects the sound and transmits it to the ear canal, which amplifies the sound and transmits it to the tympanic membrane, the division between the outer ear and the middle ear.
Neurons receive signals from either the external or internal environment, and transmit them in the form of electrical impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands. There are three types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Within the nervous system, where the tissues can be found there are four main nerve groups that link back from the body to the brain through the spinal cord. There are two main systems the peripheral nervous system, which has sensory nerves through out the body with it connects to the central nervous system the spinal cord and brain. Sensory nerves send messages to the glands and the muscles, telling them what to do.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are excitatory neurotransmitters while dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are inhibitory (Kau-Nu, 2011). Neurotransmitters are molecules that act as messages in the nervous system in the human brain. These molecules range in complexity from the two-carbon transmitter glycine to large proteins. There are three major classes of neurotransmitters, and these include amino acids, amines, and peptides. For the second question, we see that neurons are the actual nerve fibers of the body.