These theorists believe erasing vices builds good moral character (Cline, 2012). Utilitarianism relates to normative ethics. This type of ethics stems from the English philosophers John Mill and Jeremy Bentham. The main premise of Utilitarianism is that actions are right if the promotion of happiness arises. Also if the opposite of happiness is a product of personal ethics it is a wrong
Ethics gain from personal experience. Ethics are derived from values. Values help individuals to choose ethically. Therefore, ethics provides the structure for conduct. Ethical issues vary from legal issues because ethical issues are individualistic and legal issues are embodied in a system that governs society.
These codes share similarities in that the both are written to protect the client and set specific guidelines for effective professional counseling. It should be noted that counselors have the responsibility to understand the codes of ethics and observed them to the fullest. The code is only as effective as the professionals that utilize its principles. Herilhy and Corey (2006a) suggest that codes of ethics fulfill three objectives: educate professional about sound ethical conduct, provide mechanism for professional accountability, and codes of ethics serve as a catalysts for improving practice. (et.al).
Christopher Morrison My personal ethics statement. A person’s personal ethics are based upon ones core values, and their ability to rationalize a situation and determine the correct behavior. After using the resources provided to me I learned a lot about my own personal ethics. I fall into what is called “Rights and Responsibility and Relationship Lens”. I use my reasoning skills to “determine both the universal rules that each person should follow (autonomy) and the processes that will assure fairness and justice for all in the community (equality)”.
Therefore, deontologists follow the belief that certain actions are inherently good if they follow the stated rules even if the action has bad consequences, it can still be defined as moral. In contrast, teleological ethical systems focus completely on the outcomes and consequences of an act. Teleology is a theory of ethics according to which the rightness of an act is determined by it's end. Also known as consequentialism, actions that result in what can be considered as a good consequence must be good and so the end result will justify the reason that the act was committed in the first place. Both deontological and teleological ethical systems use opposing ethical guides yet they both have the same aim, to help people make moral decisions.
James Rachels’ on Normative Cultural Relativism Every culture has its own customs, traditions and beliefs that dictate the actions of its citizens. Cultural relativism states that although practices and ethical beliefs differ from society to society, it must be accepted as good, relative to each respective culture’s beliefs and moral code. Rachels believes that an act that may be frowned upon in one culture may in fact be totally acceptable in another. The theory of Cultural Relativism puts in action the idea of what people believe is morally right and how it relates to the culture that it is practiced in. Morals concern what is right and wrong.
In this lens it is taught to focus on the processes, and the systems needed for an ethical organization. The difference between the first two lens discussed is that the Right and Responsibility Lens, and the Results lens focused on the individual, the Relationship lens focuses on the community. However in the relationship lens it has a few more concerns, such as how to protect the basic liberties of all people. These liberties are broken down into rights such as; The right to notice, The right to voice, not to veto, The right to have contracts honored. The Relationship Lens helped influence my decision by giving us a process by which basic liberties can be protected.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING AND ETHICS The relationship between critical thinking and ethics can be construed differently depending on the individual. However, they seem to work together. While building on one, you are also building on the other. Ethics deals with rules or behaviors based on ideas about what is morally good and bad. Critical thinking can be described as a process by which we determine whether or not something is right or wrong.
This theory allows an individual to make a decision that may increase suffering, as long as the consequences are justified (Rawls, 1999). It praises the law over personal morals of the individual. On the contrary, deontological ethics has a classification of a person’s devotion to moral duty. According to Rawls (1999), a deontologist does what they say they will do and mean what they
They include, taking responsibility for your actions, treat yourself and others with respect, be fair and honest. But they still leave much to be determined by the individual. What is Ethics? Merriam Webster defines ethics as “1) the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation, 2) A set of moral principles, 3) A set of moral issues.” Thus ethical standards are