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These biological factors are said to determine an individual’s development and characteristics . the ability to speak a first language are thought to be due to an in progress genetic inheritance. Genes provide the instructions for structuring amino acids which in turn influence the proteins within our body cells. Genes process the chemical basis of our biology. Depending on the genes we inherit and the environmental influences we are exposed to, we will act apon a situation differently.
Science was central to the 18th century “Englightment Project", as the belief in science over religion became more important. Science was seen as a provider of true and objective knowledge about the world, which could be used for progress. So the early modernist sociologists thought the same scientific principles could be applied to the understanding and betterment of society. Positivists believe that it is possible and desirable to apply the logic and methods of the natural sciences to the study of society. Society is like the nature, an objective factual reality; it is a "real" thing made up of social facts that exists "out there", independently of individuals.
M1: Discuss the nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of an individual. The definition of learning through ‘nature’ is that things that we know which are innate. These things are biologically caused and genetically inherited. The definition of ‘nurture’ is the effect of the environment has on our learning. The nature-nurture debate is all about whether genetics (nature) or our environment (nurture) is responsible for our behaviour and development.
They proved that progression in this field of study can have vast as well as monumental improvements in contemporary science and technology. Eugenics and Frankenstein both included advanced ways of thinking and study. However, with advancement, setbacks can also follow. In both cases, the development of the ideas of Eugenics and creation of Frankenstein’s monster were thought to be ideas that would revolutionize scientific thinking and bring the ability to even further the scientific field of study. This statement was proven to be precise.
Biological Approach | PY1 PY1 | Model answers for biological approach | Sumi Prasobh AS Level | 1a) Outline two assumptions of the biological approach (4 marks) One assumption of the biological approach is that our personalities and behaviors are biologically determined. Lab research found that we’re a product of our brain structure. The balance of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and adrenaline has directly been found to affect our mood, thoughts and personalities. For example Hans Selye found that both humans and animals are biologically determined to react in the same predictable way to the threat of a stressor for aiding survival. Another assumption is that certain regions of the brain determine certain behaviors.
Many argued that alternatives for testing products should be utilized. Although there are other alternatives, to this day, animals are being experimented on for people’s needs such as cosmetics and medical purposes. Animal testing for cosmetic purposes first started in 1933 when a woman used Lash Lure mascara, it burned her eyes, which made her blind and eventually led to her death. The Food and Drug Administration therefore passed a law called the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. Two common tests performed on animals to determine the toxicity of a chemical are the LD50 and the Draize test.
Determinism is the philosophical doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. In sociology, this relates to the idea that everything is previously determined by a particular factor, or that the outcome is influenced by an uncontrollable cause. Biological determinism argues that individual and group behaviour and social status are the inevitable result of biology – i.e. “Biology is destiny” (Germov & Poole, 2010, p.15). This paper gives several responses to the idea of genetic or biological determinism from the viewpoint of sociology.
Theories in Natural science are constructed to explain, predict, and master phenomena. They must be empirically testable or lead to retro dictions that are testable. This is extensively know as the scientific method. The scientific method is one reason is that we put our confidence in scientists. To yield and to develop their theories and conclusions.
According to Bernstein (2011) nurture refers to all environmental influence, after the birth of a child that affects development. Hence nurture can be called post natal factors that influence development of people. Lahey (2009) purports that genes and environment work together in a complex way to influence the psychological characteristics of children in what is known as gene environment correlation. Intelligence is an example of the relationship between genes and environment. Feldman (2009) believes that heredity defines people’s general level of intelligence setting an upper limit that regardless of the quality of environment, people cannot exceed.