However, the argument that carries the greatest weight is that the individuals who led these revolts and were at the forefront of the revolutionary movements were not united themselves in how they wanted Italy to unite. Austria clearly had a central role in putting down many of the revolts and so played an important role in both the failure of the 1820-21 revolutions and the ones that took place between 1848-49. Prior to 1820, Italy was unsettled and highly divided with nationalists, liberals and extremists amongst the masses. As the hostility in Italy increased under Austrian rule, secret societies emerged such as ‘The Carbonari’ – which was particularly popular in Southern Italy. By 1815, the aims of these secret societies changed in the direction of driving out the Austrians and restoring old Monarchs.
January 2012 Why did Piedmont become, and remain, the driving force towards closer Italian unity in the years 1848–61? To what extent can Italy be described as completely unified by 1870? June 2012 How far do you agree that the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820–49 was primarily due to a lack of popular support? How far do you agree that Cavour made the most significant individual contribution to the process of Italian unification in the years 1852–70? January 2013 How significant was
If America were to remain under British rule it would only cause more conflict between the countries in Europe because other countries were trying to get a piece of America for themselves. Paine is saying that if America gains independence the fighting will stop among Europe, and America can benefit all countries with trade. 3.) Why does Chalmers equate independence with slavery? I think Chalmers equates independence with slavery because he already believed he was free under British rule.
He had claimed that he was the brains of the unification as well as the diplomat by saying, “We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule…. We want to drive out the foreigners not only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence and moral development.” (Document 3) Due to the Italians being so separated because it was also partially ruled by Austria, the people of Italy eventually came together and freed the North and South, therefore uniting Italy into one nation. Giuseppe Garibaldi, who was known as the “sword” of Italian unification, helped Italy’s unification in the South, by using his “Red Shirts”. Giuseppe Garibaldi stated, “O noble Thousand! I love to remember you!
Mazzini created the Young Italy society after the 1831 revolutions. Young Italy helped spread opposition to the autocratic nature of the Italian rulers. It was established to create a republican nation-state. Although ‘Young Italy’ was still a small-scale, secret nationalist society, its effect on Italian attitudes was large, speaking in the long-term. Similar to the Carbonari groups, it was planned as a youth movement for the whole peninsula so had the potential to gain widespread and active support.
Thomas Jefferson believed in the Democratic-Republican parties. He believed in state’s rights, and not just one central government that control everything. Right from the start, in document 1, Jefferson shows his disapproval of Hamilton’s monarchist government. He outright says that Hamilton is in support of a monarch based on corruption. In December of 1794, Jefferson writes a letter about Hamilton’s excise tax.
BENTHAM developed the notion of democracy as a form protection for the individual into a case for universal suffrage. Utilitarian’s have argued that individuals will vote so as to advance or defend their interest. Bentham believed that universal suffrage is the only way of promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number. However, liberals also have an ambivalent view of democracy. Liberalism places great stress on the protection of individual’s rights while democracy emphasise on collective control.
(70 per cent said Yes) What impact did the Peace Ballot have? The ballot got rather overtaken by events. Hitler launched his famous "Night of the Long Knives" putsch and Mussolini launched his invasion of Abyssinia. Lord Robert Cecil said that Baldwin, the Prime Minister, told him the ballot had been "of very great value", and Cecil added, "I have no doubt it influenced their [ministers'] policy for the time, but not permanently or, from my point of view, sufficiently". Baldwin's biographer points out that, while Baldwin could not possibly ignore what eleven million voters were telling him, he could still put his own spin on the ballot result.
"Roosevelt again and again exploited the masterful device of radio "fireside chats" to report directly to an anxious national audience, and his calm assurance did much to restore American's confidence in theses and in their government". The New Deal, being such a complex plan, had many critics. A conservative and largely hostile Supreme Court encountered him with his most formidable opposition. The Supreme court interpreted the Constitution in such a manner as to invalidate vital portions of the New Deal's liberal legislative program. Roosevelt did what he could to replace the Supreme Court members because he wanted his plan to pass, for the benefit of the nation.
The letter showed passion and anger towards the government, persuading the audience that the poor man has "equal claim to all privileges, liberties, and immunities with every [one] of his fellow countrymen…" This letter particularly stood out due to the passionate advocate for free suffrage. The essay severely challenged the government's "inequality of representation" and made sure it was clear all people of America deserved free suffrage. Overall, the American Revolution was a very proud moment in history. Not just because we started to gain natural rights but that we fought so hard for it. We did not take no for an answer, we spread the word and demanded a voice for our nation.