2). Under what circumstances must a nonparametric test be used? Explain. What are the strengths and weaknesses of nonparametric tests? Can the outcomes of nonparametric tests be generalized to populations?
False The F test assumes that the sampled populations are not normal. A. True B. False The F test for equality of two variances tests whether the ratio of the sample variances differ significantly from 1. A.
Caroline Cashion Question #1 * A hypothesis is a proposition to be tested, or a statement of a relationship between two variables. Hypothesis testing uses quantitative research and is concerned with describing cause and effect relationships. The ultimate goal for researchers in hypothesis testing is to provide evidence that a particular independent variable has a causal relationship with a particular dependent variable. The independent variable is a concept or construct that is believed to produce some measurable response or outcome (Jensen 211). A hypothetical theoretical construct would make a prediction about the links between two variables, and then set out to discover if their prediction holds true.
Understanding the Basis of Statistical Power in Psychology Research Work What is Statistical Power? The power of a statistical test for a null hypothesis is the probability of having the basis to correctly reject a false null hypothesis (Greene, 2000). Statistical power is the probability of detecting an effect if the effect actually exists or the probability that the test will lead to a conclusion that the effect actually exists (High, 2000 & Cohen, 1988, p. 4). It is also the ability of the test to report a statistically significant effect where an actual effect of a given magnitude exists. In simple terms, statistical power is the likelihood that a researcher will discover an effect of a certain size in a statistical test no matter how small.
The reason for this is because in tests like these observed differences are usually due to chance differences in sampling. Meaning that, let’s say the p value is more than the significant level of what is being tested or if it’s less than what is being tested. If it is more the null hypothesis is rejected, and if it is less the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of an additional hypothesis. Which is more in the line of saying that it is accepted. The null hypothesis for this experiment was that there would be no changes in allele or genotype frequencies.
Essay 2 Lesson 1, question 3: Summarize the criteria of a hypothesis-based scientific study. How is this technique similar to and different from the solving of everyday problems? Research and describe an experiment of your choice that demonstrates the basic considerations that must be taken in the design of a good, hypothesis-based, scientific experiment. The criteria for a hypothesis-based scientific study are first, coming up with a study that can be tested or falsifiable. There must be criteria to go by that can prove whether the study is true or false.
Selected Answer: False Question 8 The Delphi develops a consensus forecast about what will occur in the future. Selected Answer: True Question 9 __________ is a measure of dispersion of random variable values about the expected value. Selected Answer: Standard Deviation Question 10 In Bayesian analysis, additional information is used to alter the __________ probability of the occurrence of an event. Selected Answer: Marginal Question 11 The __________ is the maximum amount a decision maker would pay for additional information. Selected Answer: Expected Value of Perfect Information Question 12 In the Monte Carlo process, values for a random variable are generated by __________ a probability distribution.
Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no effect (The thing we’re trying to find evidence against) (= or < or > ) Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is an effect (Thing we’re trying to prove) The significance level is the probability that you will say that the null hypothesis is wrong when really it is correct (Type I Error) If p-value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected 1. Decide what you’re trying to provide evidence for: (H1). 2. Then set up the opposite as the null hypothesis and find evidence to disprove the null hypothesis. LAB Results part 2: The p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, there is a significant difference in heart rate at minute 5 of exercise for 0.5 kp vs. 2.5 kp workload on the bike.
PHIL 102 Essay One Topic: Utilitarianism. Are classical act utilitarians really committed to doing unjust things in order to maximise utility? Give reasons for your answer, and explain the implications of your answer for your overall assessment of classical act utilitarianism. The “Injustice” Objection to Classical Utilitarianism – a beginners’ guide Those new to philosophy may find it useful to follow the directions below in presenting their essay. 1.
But this does not account for the presence of variation in a sample that could affect the mean. We can use this value within a standard normal distribution of sample means to try and narrow down the true population mean within a confidence interval of probability. This is preferable because it takes into account the standard error that is intrinsic to all iterated samples of a population and uses that to capture the population mean (μ) within a range. It is not plausible to calculate the probability that a continuous random variable will assume a specific value in a continuous probability distribution. To establish the boundaries of the confidence interval, we must first select the level of confidence (L).