Chapter 14, 21, 36, 37.Docx

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Chapter 14 – Special Examinations and Tests The United States is suffering from a lack of diversity in healthcare professionals. To fix this, nursing schools are trying to attract more and more multicultural students- such as ESL students. However, there are some problems with this because nursing schools are finding it hard to retain these culturally diverse students. The main problem is that the nursing examinations are biased and do not think about the test taker’s culture, language barrier, or grammar skill. To fix this, exam makers need to revise tests to be more equal and fairer to students from all cultural backgrounds. They can do this by doing a linguistic modification of tests and improving the overall quality of the exams with unbiased test questions. This will result in a fair and equal opportunity for all nursing students to achieve, no matter what their background is. Chapter 21 – Oxygenation When mechanical ventilation fails to reverse sever hypoxemia, health care professionals will perform prone positioning. Proning can improve oxygenation in up to 70% of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and expand the lungs. Acute respiratory distress syndrome has a morality rate of 43% which is why prone positioning is so important. By performing proning as an early trial, health care professionals can increase the patient’s P/F ratio and treat or prevent pulmonary complications. It is commonly used for 4-6 hours at a time. However, health care professionals need to be careful because it can cause tube dislodgement, oxygen desaturation, facial edema, peripheral nerve injuries, abdominal wound dehiscence, and more. When used correctly, it can be effective and help reverse acute respiratory failure. Chapter 36 – Airway Management Airway management is very important because if it goes badly, it can result in brain injury or death.

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