Cardiovascular system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout our body and removal of metabolic wastes such as (carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes). Protections of the human body by while blood cells, antibodies and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend our body against foreign microbes and toxic. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the human body from blood loss after injuries. Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH and water content of
The cardiac cycle is controlled by electrical waves that spread throughout the heart. The blood flows into the heart straight into the atria via the vena cava and pulmonary vein. A wave of electrical activity is firstly spread from the Sino-atrial node which spreads across both atria, this causes the atria to contract which forces blood down into the ventricles through the atrioventricular valves. The atrioventricular septum prevents the wave crossing the ventricles. The wave passes to the atrioventricular node where it is passed down the septum down specialised fibres known as the bundle of His.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood via the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood then goes through the right ventricle and out to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then travels to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins, to the left ventricle, and then out to the rest of the body and organs through the aorta. The blood also supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart via the coronary arteries that branch from the aorta. This pumping action of blood flow is controlled by electrical impulses in the heart.
D1 The cardiovascular and respiratory system interlink with each other, this is because they both have a link when it comes to gases exchange. This is because inside the lungs there are air sacs they are called the alveoli there are millions of alveoli, around each alveoli are capillaries which are small blood vessels, as the walls of this is thin carbon dioxide goes into the alveoli from the capillaries and the oxygen goes back into the capillaries which then goes into heart, and the heart pumps blood all around the body. These systems work very closely together, this is to make sure that organ tissues get enough oxygen. Oxygen is needed for cellular function. The air which we breathe in which is kept in the lungs, is the transferred into blood.
Next, the pulmonary capillary beds drain into venules which join to form two pulmonary veins exiting each lung. The four pulmonary veins then complete the circuit by dropping the blood off into the left atrium of the heart. The systemic system provides oxygenated blood to all body tissues. Blood leaves the left ventricle and heads for the aorta there is travels through the ascending aorta making its way to the aortic arch. The aortic arch then branches into three major branches the brachiocephalic trunk (branches into right common carotid and right subclavian), the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
Right now I am located in the right femoral vein, which is located in the upper thigh and pelvic region of the body. It is also one of the largest veins in the venous system. The femoral vein’s purpose is to take all the blood in the lower region of the body and deliver it to the heart via the iliac vein. Today’s
At the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra it divides into right and left pulmonary arteries, passing into the corresponding lungs. Within the lungs these arteries divide and subdivide into smaller arteries, subsequently becoming arteries and capillaries. It is between the capillaries and the lung tissue that the interchange of gases takes place. In each lung the capillaries carrying oxygenated blood join up and form two vein, so, two pulmonary veins from each lung, therefore becomes four pulmonary veins which return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. These are the only veins which carry oxygenated blood.
Describe the four valves of the heart, including their name, location, and function. The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonic valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve: It is located between the right atria and the right ventricle. It is comprised of three “flap-like cusps” which when in its closed position, prevents the deoxygenated blood entering the heart from the body, from backing up in the right atrium from the right ventricle (regurgitation). http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tricuspid-valve The Pulmonic Valve: This valve is found between the right ventricle and the lungs.
The difference is internal respiration happens at the cellular level while external respiration is the actual breaths. 2. What are the key functions overall of the respiratory system? The key functions of the respiratory system is to bring air and blood into the alveolar air sacs so that the air can enter into the bloodstream while the carbon dioxide exits. It also maintains the body’s pH levels and body temperature.
P4: Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body. Cardiovascular System This system transports materials to the liver and body cells through the bloodstream that is pumped by the heart. Blood Blood is a liquid tissue made up of; plasma, platelets, white and red blood cells and is necessary for every part of the body. The blood contains many different materials and cells and there is fluid called plasma which contains many substances dissolved in it. Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine.