Air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils (external nares) where the air is being filtrated, warmed, and humidified. Air is then passed through the pharynx which is also called the throat. It also shares its chamber with the esophagus. From the throat, it passes through an open glottis allowing the air to enter the larynx (voice box) within the larynx, you have an elastic mechanism called the epiglottis that protects the trachea from food and liquid entering the respiratory tract. Air leaving the larynx passes into the trachea.
P4: The Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system refers to the heart, blood vessels and the systematic circulation (blood). Blood contains oxygen and other nutrients which your body needs to survive. The body takes these essential nutrients from the blood. At the same time, the body dumps waste products like carbon dioxide, back into the blood, so they can be removed. The main function of the cardiovascular system is therefore to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive.
The lungs add oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Then the left side is responsible for accepting blood from the lungs and pumping it back out into the body. Think of it like a cycle where blood flows like this: From the body into the top right chamber (right atrium) -- down into the bottom right chamber (right ventricle) -- out to the lungs -- back to the top left chamber (left atrium) -- down to the bottom left chamber (left ventricle) -- then out to the body. The heart is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, but it also has its own system to generate electrical impulses that stimulate cardiac muscle to contract. These electrical impulses can be recorded in an ECG (electrocardiogram) and used to detect problems with the heart.
Describe in detail the transportation of an oxygen molecule found in air as it enters the human body and is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Describe how carbon dioxide leaves the cells and finally exits the body. Air enters the body through the mouth or nose and enters the pharynx, to the larynx and eventually the trachea. From the trachea it enters the lungs, which branches to a left and right bronchus, then divide into smaller branches called bronchiole. Bronchiole’s have small air sac called alveoli attached to them, which inflate during inhalation and deflate during exhalation.
External respiration which is also known as breathing refers to the inhalation of oxygen from the air into the lungs and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs to the air. External respiration is a physical process during which oxygen is taken up by capillaries of lung alveoli and carbon dioxide is released from blood. Respiration occurs through our mouth, nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx, and the trachea.
The internal nose is covered by a vascular mucous membrane thickly lined with small hairs and mucous secretions. This membrane collects and carries debris and bacteria from the inspired air to the nasopharynx for swallowing or expectoriation. The mucous contains immunoglobulins and enzymes that serve as a line of defense from infection. The internal noses is divided by the septum into two anterior cavities the vestibules. The lateral walls of the nose are formed by the turbinates, curved bony structures, covered by mucous membrane, that run horizontally and protrude into the nasal cavity.
Apex is upper portion, extends above clavicle, and base is lower resting on diaphragm. Gas exchange takes place between capillaries and alveoli. * Type 1 alveoli- gas exchange cells * Type 2 alveoli- produce surfactant, a lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension w/in alveoli allowing for inflation. * Functions of the Pulmonary system: * Ventilation: movement of air into and out of the lungs through breathing. Accomplished through cycles of inhalation/exhalation.
Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body Below, I will produce an assignment on the main tissues of the body. There are four main tissues and I will be explaining them in detail below, using key words, which will show I understand the tissues and what the key words mean in this context. The four main tissues are: * Epithelial * Connective * Muscle * Nervous Epithelial Epithelia are the lining of the internal and external surfaces and cavities. This includes tubes or channels, which would be carrying secretions from the glands in our body. The epithelia can be made of several layers, which would be made of cells.
The breathing cycle is broken down into four phases: initiation, inspiration, the switch from inspiration to expiration, and expiration. A MV helps manipulate the breathing cycle through triggers to help a patient breath. The triggers control time, flow, pressure, and volume which can be controlled by the machine itself, patient, or manual triggering. In life-long treatments, a breathing tube is placed in the larynx (voice box) or trachea (windpipe). The breathing tube provides an airway so the ventilator is able to use triggers to control the oxygen input and carbon dioxide output.
Cells can also store the molecules for other use. The purpose of the respiratory system takes in oxygen and moves that oxygen into the blood by allowing it to move across the lungs into the blood vessels. The circulatory system then carries oxygen to all the cells in the body and picks up carbon dioxide waste, which it returns to the lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs, and you exhale it into the atmosphere. The respiratory system and the Digestive System are interrelated because the body cells depend upon products of both the respiratory and digestive systems functions in order to maintain themselves.