* Reagents : most commonly the base would be the alkoxide, R'O- * The reaction involves an ester enolate reacting with another molecule of the ester. * Remember enolates are good nucleophiles and the ester carbonyl C are electrophilic. * The products of these reactions are ketoesters which are important, useful synthetic intermediates. * Note that the product is the original ester with an acyl group added i.e. an acylation reaction has occurred.
Purpose The purpose for this lab is to study the law of conservation of mass by using synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. Hypothesis Station A: If we see the magnesium ribbon create a bright white flame, then we know that a reaction has occurred. Station B: if the wood splint is extinguished, then we know that carbon dioxide gas is present. Station C: if we hear a pop when we put the wood splint around the mouth of the tube, then we know that hydrogen gas is present. Station D: if we see that some sort of shape is made, then we know that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Ashley Peccatiello Experiment 7 – Dehydration of 2-Methylclyclohexanol, Tests for Unsaturation, and Gas Chromatography Date Performed: October 25, 2012 Date Written: October 29, 2012 Purpose: To dehydrate 2-methylclyclohexanol to obtain two isomers. To separate the products by simple distillation. To analyze the sample by introducing the technique of gas chromatography and unsaturation tests. Reaction: Figure 1. Overall reaction of the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Figure 2.
(2 marks) 8 Show 2 possible products that could form when Compound H undergoes a halogenation reaction with iodine. Draw the structural isomers and name them. 2 marks 9a Is this halogenation reaction is an addition or substitution reaction? ½ mark 9b Under what conditions would this reaction occur? ½ mark 10 Outline the reaction pathway to produce propanoic acid from propane.
a) for a we first need to find a balanced equation for when the hydrocarbons combust to form CO2 and H20. Then we plug in the deltaHf values and plug these into the equation. a) C4H6 + 11/2O2 ==> 4CO2 + 3H2O Delta Hrxn = [4DeltaHf(CO2)+3DeltaHf(H2O)] - [DeltaHf(C4H6) + 11/2DeltaHf(O2)] = [4(-393.5kJ) + 3(-285.83kJ)] - [111.9kJ + 11/2(0kJ)] = -2543.39kJ C4H8 + 6O2 ==> 4CO2 + 4H2O Delta H rxn = [4DeltaHf(CO2) + 4DeltaHf(H2O)] - [DeltaHf(C4H8) + 6DeltaHf(O2)] = [4(-393.5kJ) + 4(-285.83kJ)] - [1.2kJ +6(0kJ)] = -2718.52kJ C4H10 +13/2O2 ==> 4CO2 +5H2O DeltaHrxn = [4DeltaHf(CO2) + 5DeltaHf(H2O)] - [DeltaHf(C4H10) + 13/2DeltaHf(O2)] = [4(-393.5kJ) + 5(-285.83kJ)] - [-124.7kJ +
Therefore, acetic acid was used for this experiment. It reacted with the sodium hypochlorite to give hypochlorous acid, which thenreacted with the oxygen of the alcohol. Steam distillation was used to isolated product, and then was extracted into the distillate with ether with the addition of dying agent calcium chloride. Finally, the ether was removed to get the product, cyclohexanone with the "salting out" process. The process of salting out was used to separate cyclohexanone from the aqueous solution to purify the product.
Alkanes respond with halogen, (for example, chlorine or bromine) when the mixture is presented to ultraviolet light (symbolized as hv or UV) or when warmed to high temperature (200 - 400c)). The capacity of ultraviolet light is to give vitality to the homolytic cleavage of halogen (Cl-Cl or Br-Br). The items are haloalkanes (RX) and hydrogen halides (Hx) .The halogenation of alkanes is a free radical substitution response, in which the system includes start, spread and end steps. The monosubstitution of alkanes alludes to the substitution response where there is one and only hydrogen molecule in alkanes substituted by halogen free radical. General mechanism The chain component is as per the following, utilizing the chlorination of methane as an issue illustration: 1.
Reactants are substances that take part in and undergo change during a reaction. Products are substances that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction. Another concept that was introduced with this lab was stoichiometric ratio which is concerned with, involving, or having the exact proportions for a particular chemical reaction. Exothermic was also a concept introduced in the lab which is a reaction or process accompanied by the release of heat. And limiting reagent which is the reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction is run to completion.
For example, the reaction |BaCl2•2H2O ( BaCl2 + 2H2O |(2) | is reversible, and if water is added to the anhydrous salt BaCl2, formation of BaCl2•2H2O takes place: |BaCl2 + 2H2O ( BaCl2•2H2O |(3) | The reaction of dehydration of hydrated ferrous sulfate |FeSO4•7H2O ( FeSO4 + 7H2O |(4)
Experiment 5: Preparation of Cyclohexene- Acid Catalyzed Elimination of Cyclohexanol Ball State University Organic Chemistry Lab 231 (Sec. 5) Dr. Bock/Daniel Miller Tiffany Raber 5 November 2012 Purpose: To prepare an alkene by an elimination reaction of an alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst to produce a successful yield and desired results for the purity of the alkene. Introduction: The dehydration of an alcohol such as cyclohexanol is a useful technique for generating alkenes. The success of this reaction relies on a dehydration, such as the presence of a strong acid (sulfuric acid). Because this reaction is reversible, a fractional distillation is necessary to produce cyclohexene, water, and some impurities and a simple distillation is followed to further purify the product.