Critical Analysis of the History and Treatment of Schizophrenia in Modern Psychology In the field of modern psychology and in American society at large schizophrenia remains a largely misunderstood mental illness since its first mention in the DSM-I under the classification of “schizophrenic reactions” (Tartakovsky, 2010). Schizophrenia, as with many mental disorders and illnesses, remains somewhat of a taboo subject in today’s culture. For that reason, it is vitally important to understand the diagnosis, along with its history, prevalence, causes, treatment and impact. Today, the DSM-V has six main criteria for diagnosis including characteristic according to Tandon et al. (2013).
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A problem of the diagnosis of schizophrenia known as co-morbidity this is when the symptoms of schizophrenia overlap with many other disorders, such as, depression and bipolar disorder. This is a problem because the patient may be misdiagnosed and given the wrong type of treatment which will not cure the symptoms they have and may cause another type of illness. This can be solved by multiple diagnosis this will also improve the inter rater reliability. Reliability is the extent in to which two or more medical specialists have consistent results in their diagnosis. The validity externally is very difficult as there are cultural barriers, as psychiatrists from different cultures interpret symptoms differently resulting in people being diagnosed schizophrenia in one culture but not in another.
( 2009) The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing 2nd ed. Maidenhead. Open University Press. Pinikahana, J., Happell, B., Taylor, M., and Keks, N.A. (2002) Exploring the complexity of compliance in schizophrenia.
According to the biological model, there are a few biological things that explain abnormalities; genetics, brain damage, infections, biochemistry and neuroanatomy. The biological model states that some people might be genetically at risk of developing a mental disorder. However, there is only evidence for this in the cases of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. For example, first degree relatives are more likely to develop schizophrenia than second degree relatives. Gottesman & Shield (1972) found that concordance rate for schizophrenia in non-identical twins is approximately 9% whereas for identical twins, the concordance rate is 42%.
According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic and Catatonic Schizophrenia (C.Gamble and G.Brenan 2006, p100).
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Doctor Steven Hyman recognized 21 million Americans including children suffer from some form of depression; also several millions of Americans were diagnosis with schizophrenia and other disorders. The World Bank and the World Health Organization have established that depression is the primary cause of disability worldwide. As medicine advances, better detection, diagnosis, and treatment will be provided for people who are suffering from mental illnesses such as the ones discussed here. Works Cited Depression, All About. “Major Depressive Disorder.” 6 Mar (2007) allaboutdepression.com Web.
Schizophrenia Evaluation PSY/340 Schizophrenia Evaluation The Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Evaluation assignment requires that an evaluation be done on one of the fellow team presentations. The presentation that described Schizophrenia explained the neurological damage, behavioral and functional changes, suspected or known causes of the illness, the role of genetics and the treatments and therapies for Schizophrenia were analyzed and evaluated. Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects only one percent of the population, but it causes life changing symptoms that are debilitating to those who are affected. After reviewing and evaluating the team’s presentation, the overall presentation was precise