Chronic alcohol use in male rats also has been shown to affect their reproductive ability and the health of their offspring. Key words: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; reproductive effects of AODU (alcohol and other drug use); male; reproductive system; testicles; nitric oxide; oxidation; ethanol-to-acetaldehyde metabolism; apoptosis; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; fertility; opioids The endocrine system, which is made up of several hormone-producing organs throughout the body, is integral to all normal body functions, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. This article reviews research on the effect of alcohol use on the part of the endocrine system involved in male reproduction, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This system of endocrine glands and hormones includes a brain region called the hypothalamus; the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain; and the male gonads (testes). The article also highlights promising new strategies for preventing or reversing alcohol's harmful effects on the male reproductive system and describes research investigating the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol acts on this system.
Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? According to "Eldis" (2013), “'Gender' refers to the socially constructed roles of and relations between men and women. , while 'Sex' refers to biological characteristics which define humans as female or male.” (1) Gender and sex are similar but they are not the same thing. I say this because a person can have the sexual characteristics of a man but still have the gender of a woman e.g.
Testosterone, which must be produced at a critical stage of embryonic development in order for an XY combination to result in a baby with male anatomy. Embryos cannot be distinguished anatomically as either male or female for the first few weeks of development. The Mullerian duct inhibiting substance which is a chemical secreted by the testicles during embryonic development that causes the Mullerian ducts to shrink and disappear. Sexual Differentiation of the brain: In the 1970’s, it was discovered that parts of an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. Experiments with rats demonstrated that administration of testosterone to females shortly after birth masculinized the brain.
Hormones: Its Effects on Behavior and Gender Identity PSY 340 Biological Foundations of Psychology July 1, 2012 Gary Mayhew Hormones: Its Effects on Behavior and Gender Identity Hormones are essential in regulating body functions and maintaining homeostasis. They also hold another important role, which is reproduction. Hormones help define our sex, and gender identity. It is because of hormones that gender identity and sexual orientation is mainly affected by nature and not by nurture. This is important statement because it proves that gender identity and sexual orientation is not purely choice, but driven by biological forces.
April 16, 2015 Biology of Human Sexuality- Reaction Assignment #1 When it comes to sex research both Objective Statements and Value Judgements influence the quality of it. An objective statement is a statement based on one looking at sex as more of an object or thing rather than morally, which is described as a Value Judgement. As oppose to Objective Statements, Value Judgements can only tell us how we ourselves feel about sexuality, largely influencing the quality of sex research. Value Judgments imply how an individual should behave whereas Objective statements describe how people actually behave, therefore providing an in depth view of sex when it comes to research. Biases and Stereotypes play a major part in sex research as well.
Is gender a social construction? Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine. So, is gender due to the biological makeup or is it due to the social surroundings and the way we are brought up? From a sociological perspective, nature does not fully determine gender identity. It is a mixture biology and socialization.
Environment is a significant factor when determining how a person behaves. It is more commonly the environment that shapes a person’s behavior versus genetics. Whether the experiences are good or bad, it will shape a person in how they behave and think. Genes have only been proven to be a factor in medical disorders like hyperactivity. Homosexuality is a result of the person’s environment and how they are brought up as a child.
Main difference is, gender describes external view of a person such as their behavior or voice and sex describes in more biological features such as their physical appearance or their organism. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity in many ways. Naturally, males show more masculinity and females show more femininity but this is not always true. Depending on your personality, males can be more caring and emotional than some of females out there.
Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? Gender can be described as the characteristics that society characterizes as masculine or feminine. Sex is the biological differences, chromosomes, internal and external sex organs. Gender and sex although are similar but they are not the same due to the fact that people can have the sexual characteristics of one but actually have the other gender.
Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? “Gender is defined by FAO as ‘the relations between men and women, both perceptual and material. Gender is not determined biologically, as a result of sexual characteristics of either women or men, but is constructed socially. It is a central organizing principle of societies, and often governs the processes of production and reproduction, consumption and distribution,” (FAO, 1997).