Aristotle & Rousseau on Freedom

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In the Politics, Aristotle’s concept of freedom is where citizens are uninhibited from the constraints of life, leaving them free to exercise their excellence through the higher capacity tools of reason and speech. Twenty Centuries later, Jean Jacques Rousseau writes the devastating effects of a civilized society with individual freedom. Rousseau puts forward the concept of The General Will as a solution to promote freedom. Although Aristotle and Rousseau have different ideas on democracy and slavery, both philosophers in fact, share the same concept of freedom in their respective works. Aristotle is a great advocate of the Greek polis mode, which he considers the epitome of a higher life as it allows citizens to exercise their superiority through the gifts of speech and reason. In the polis, every citizen has the freedom to express his opinion, and live true to Aristotle’s opening statements that “man is, by nature a political animal.” (Aristotle) The citizen, being superior in all ways, must make the most of his excellence and not be hindered by menial chores. In this way, the citizens are not constrained by employment or household tasks, and have the freedom to exercise their intellect, to live the good life. By citizen, Aristotle means any male, Greek person. Those from other countries are “barbarians” as they do not form the polis, which the Greeks and Aristotle highly regarded. (Aristotle) Women and children were not citizens because they lacked fully developed reason, or the ability to use such reason. Although Aristotle’s description of a citizen sounds exclusive, it does not hinder his concept of freedom, as these ideas are merely products of the context from which Aristotle was writing. In the Second Discourse, Rousseau takes a very negative view on freedom in saying that natural freedom is not possible in a civilized society. In
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