Apush Dbq 1 Outline

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• - Circumstances preceding the war suggested the US would not be involved in another international war for some time: o o Isolationism (1930s): after WWI, the US feared becoming involved in other countries’ affairs (remember, the US never joined the League of Nations)   Key post-war peace treaties: the Washington Conference (1921-1922), the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)   Domestically, the Neutrality Acts were passed by Roosevelt to pursue isolationism  • The first act (1935) banned the sale of arms to either belligerent in a war  • The second act banned loans to belligerents   Isolation is also reflected in the policy of protectionism – high tariffs throughout the 1920s o o Great Depression (1929 to around 1940-1): financially,…show more content…
To avoid a direct threat to the US, he sent Britain 500,000 rifles and 80,000 machine guns by June 1940 and in September traded 50 old US destroyers for leases on British military bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland – an act which Winston Churchill called “decidedly unneutral” C. “Lend-lease” • a. Shortly after reelection to his third term, Roosevelt began addressing the public about how Hitler could not be stopped through negotiation, and argued that the US had turn itself into “the great arsenal of democracy” • b. Because Britain had no money left to spend on US arms by late 1940, Roosevelt devised the lend-lease policy o i. Under the policy, the president would lend or lease arms or supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to that of the United States” o ii. Compared it to lending your garden hose to your neighbor whose house is on fire • c. Most Americans favored the Lend-Lease Act, and it was passed by Congress in March 1941 o i. Britain and the USSR, which had by this point broken with Germany, received Lend-Lease aid D. The Last Straw: Direct Attacks on the US and Final Preparations for War • a. From its aid to the Allies by 1941, it was pretty clear whose side the US was…show more content…
In August 1941, Roosevelt met secretly with British PM Winston Churchill on the USS Augusta to settle a joint declaration of war aims called the Atlantic Charter o i. Both the US and Britain pledged collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas o ii. Roosevelt confided in Churchill that he could not ask Congress to declare war, but that he would do everything to provoke an incident which would allow the US to enter the war on the side of the Allies • d. By autumn 1941, German U-boats were actively attacking US ships: o i. September 4: attack on USS Greer o ii. Mid-September: the Pink Star (merchant ship) is sunk o iii. Mid-October: USS Kearney is sunk, with 11 US casualties o iv. Days later: USS Reuben James is destroyed, with 100+ US casualties  1. Roosevelt declared: “America has been attacked. The shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired the first shot.”  2. Congress repealed the ban on arming merchant ships – the undeclared naval war with Germany had begun • e. Official war against the Axis began only with the attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941 – “a date which will live in
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