The emancipation of the serfs appeared to have strengthened the loyalty of most peasants to the tsarist regime leading the peasants to greet the Populists with hostility due to their loyalty to the tsar. The serfs were hostile towards the populists as the serfs felt that populists did not understand their way of life through the involvement of ‘going to the people’ which was an idea from Lavrov in order to encourage peasants to rise up to revolution. The church taught the peasants to see Alexander as ‘little father’ which meant someone who was on their side. In my opinion Alexander II dealt with opposition very successfully between 1855-81 as he had the majority of the population against the Populists as serfs took up 80% of the population. Another way Alexander II successfully dealt with opposition was through censorship, he had utter control of media throughout Russia making it very difficult for opposition groups to spread their ideas and communicate with each other.
AP Euro Essay 10/21 The peasants’ revolts in 1524-1526 were primarily to show their disappointment towards their lords. Some groups of these peasants, craftsmen, and poor soldiers did not ally with others and assist in the activities. However there were others who met together in Swabia, March 1525, to discuss the conflicts. This group became known as the Peasant Parliament, which then created Articles as an expression of their anguish. These grievances, in the German states, led to both positive and negative responses.
* I believe the event that actually triggered the revolt was the battle of Poitiers and Crecy. The peasants resented the noble’s failure to use them in the fight against the enemy and felt less fear of them as the knights lost prestige in the defeats. That is when all that anger from being demoted every time really built up and shot
The Puritans wanted to remove all practice and rituals of Catholicism from Europe. John Winthrop and fellow Puritans were frustrated with religious activities in England, “All other Churches of Europe are brought to desolation and or sinnes”. He believed that the Church was corrupted and that the lord “Frowned upon us, doe threatens us fearfully”. Winthrop believed that England was invaded by evil and ran by a corrupted Government, and that the roots for religious learning were being disturbed. They feared to live in such sinful society, because they believed that God predestined people to salvation and others were damned for the rest of time.
The Puritans wanted to alter practices promoted by the Anglican Church as well as decrease the power of the discriminatory and corrupt bishops. After the death of the last Tudor, Elizabeth, King James I began to overtax the Puritans. The Puritans, persecuted by the King and angered by his favor towards the Catholics, had a falling out with England and therefore were voluntary candidates for colonists in the New World. Upon arrival in the New World; however, they preceded to practice intolerance towards others outside of their group. Puritan Massachusetts or the “city upon a hill” for example, instilled a theocratic government in which it was treason to oppose any Puritan practice.
The Glorious Revolution was the dethroning of the unpopular Catholic James II and enthroning Protestant rulers William III and Mary. When the people of New England heard of this, they rose against their royal leaders and tried to get a sense of equality in their colonies. 29. The result of the rebellion in New England was upsetting in that royal governors did eventually restore semblance and order lead by the mother country. There was even more administrative control in the colonies due to Charles II's appointed English officials which hired their friends of whom knew little and did not care about American affairs.
The Tsar made many failures as Commander in chief of the army especially at the battle of Tannenburg where the majority of the Russian second army was destroyed which forced the Russian army to retreat. This coupled with other military defeats led to mass desertions towards cities. It also led to many soldiers knowing of the Tsars failures which would have supported the claim for a revolution. The war effort also caused the Zemstva and the Congress of Representatives of Industry and Trade to grow which were used to help stimulate production and provide medical facilities. The government failed to efficiently incorporate these into the war effort which resulted in them becoming a symbol for the shortcomings in the war effort.
Conscripted peasants had begun to lose interest, and their welfare was harmed with the conscription of animals, meaning beasts of burden and the like were deposed to military use. Most of the officers had bought their positions for reasons of prestige and glory, meaning that they were inexperienced and not fit to lead armies into war. He, despite the warnings of his advisors, joined the front ranks. Nicholas believed he was doing the right thing, rather than realizing the incompetence of his own aggressive nationalism. This led to Russia being in the control of the German Alexandria, who was hated by the Russian people because of her inability to speak Russian, her reliance on Grigory Rasputin, a mystic who claimed to heal her son, her antisocial, depressed attitude and a general political incompetence to rival Nicholas’s.
The political dissolution of the central governments throughout Europe resulted in feudal systems in which broken-down provinces comprised of Knights, nobles, and peasants. There was no form of central authority which caused neighboring kingdoms to war with each other. The Church saw this chaos and reacted in a sense to utilize these poor living conditions to use the mass as a religious army. The Church used religion to gain the support of the masses. Each part of life, such as love, birth, death was controlled by Christian dogma; fear was used in this belief system.
Reformation: John Calvin and Martin luther: A. In the 16th century in Germany the common people did not have the religious freedom we have today. People didn’t make their own deisons on religon they let a corrupt ctaholic church do it for them. The church took money and taxes from the people to use for themselsves making there followers work for them with punushments when they couldn’t deliver. Martin Luther saw this as a major issue as from a young age he excperinsed what it was like to be made to do soemthing.