However, when this neutral stimulus is presented and paired with a traumatic object or event, the fear is acquired and exacerbated (Mineka & Zinbarg) . Some argue that this particular behaviourist principle is adequate in explaining human behaviour because it has helped to construct an understanding of how phobias become apparent and maintained through individuals. This is
Also, the goal is to help to understand which approach might suit best the client depending on their needs and specific situations. These therapies are found to be truly helpful for victims, but to fully understand the effectiveness of these programs is imperative to have knowledge of how they truly function (Walker, L. 1994). Both client-centered approach and existential therapy are considered to have a positive impact on victim’s life by improving the victim’s self-awareness, self-trust and forward evolution (Schneider, H. 1982). Client centered Approach In general, Sexual assault
While other therapies are being developed, tested and researched, (CBT) has evidence based research in being effective due to the flexibility of its interventions and the ease of adjustment to co-join other therapies to (CBT). According to research done by Leslie Swanson, cognitive behavior therapy techniques such as relaxation, restructuring, and re-scripting therapy aided in helping patients with PTSD to overcome insomnia, sleep disorders, and nightmares, which are common symptoms with PTSD (Swanson, 2009). More importantly, research identifies cognitive behavior therapy as a highly effective therapy to treat individuals who suffered from moderate depression (296.22) and have a dual diagnosis of substance abuse (Ruwaard, 2009, 215). (CBT) has also gained respect as a preferred therapy for helping those who abuse and are addicted to drugs. Kirby and Marlowe suggest that CBT has shown substantial gain in the field of substance abuse, due to its person centeredness and brief treatments.
Freud believed that past experience (from childhood) shapes adult personality and behaviour is influenced by unconscious mental processes. The therapist facilitates exploration of the past and via a number of skilled interventions and interpretations helps makes unconscious material conscious. The Humanistic school of thought whose major contributor was Carl Rogers (1902-1987), through the development of his ‘Client-Centered Therapy’, adopted a more positive view of human nature insisting that behaviour is a personal choice (free will) and driven by the “...actualizing tendency, that force which moves us in the direction of well-being and the fulfilment of our potential” (Tolan, 2010, p. 110). He believed that humans possess an innate capacity for growth, can take responsibility for their actions and demonstrated the importance of six therapeutic conditions which help to foster the client’s natural ability towards improvement. This approach places
Abstract Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a post-modern constructivist theory founded by Albert Ellis. The connections to the counseling field are numerous but begin with the goal of helping people and reducing suffering. Evaluation and exploration into the assumptions, tenets, scopes, and interventions of REBT increase understanding, insight, and overall competency providing a solid grounding in practice theory. CONTENTS Abstract 1 Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory 3 Historical Development of the Theory 3 Major Assumptions of REBT 5 Scope of REBT 6 Problem Areas Addressed by REBT 7 Main Intervention 7 Strategies of REBT 8 Effectiveness 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory Historical Development of the Theory Albert Ellis was the oldest of three children born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on September 17, 1913. Ellis and his family moved to New York City when Ellis was four year old (American Psychological Association, 1986).
Many researchers, such as Crow (1985) believe there are two different types of SZ with different underlying pathology. Type 1 SZ is the type of SZ which would be associated with the Dopamine Hypothesis; it involves DA dysfunction, is characterised by positive symptoms and responds well to anti-psychotic medication. Type 2 SZ, however, is the type that is unsupportive of the Dopamine Hypothesis- it is a neurodevelopmental disorder arising from prenatal insults or perinatal insults, characterised by negative symptoms and does not respond well to antipsychotic drugs. The idea of different types of SZ suggests that DA is not the only
Randomized controlled trials suggest DBT is associated with improvement in problem behaviors including suicidal ideations and behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, and hospitalization. These positive outcomes with adults have prompted use of DBT with adolescents. 1. The major strengths of this study is that numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with adults have demonstrated DBT’s efficacy in treating BPD and a range of other psychiatric disorders across various settings, prompting the use in adolescents with adaptations. 2.
The theory may have some validity in its basis but the idea that it is the all-encompassing answer to mental health problems and inappropriate behaviors encourages the belief that the theory has some serious errors. Changing negative thoughts to positive thoughts can be a powerful and effective tool of change Backus refers to this change as “truth”. Changing misbeliefs to “truth” may be effective for an individual who has a normal thought process and is able to master some of the techniques prescribed in this theory. Yet, the idea of telling a clinically depressed, schizophrenic, or an obsessive-compulsive person to use the power of thought alone to change their action or state of being seems unrealistic. Backus seems to ignore the idea that behavior development is influenced by more than thought alone.
Viewing this video of Dr. Martin Seligman has already positively impacted my life. Positive psychology is the opposite of what psychology is most widely known for. Positive psychology says that nothing is wrong, but it still can be better. Psychology is good because it has expanded human horizons of the mind. It has allowed for the development of a science of mental illness complete with measures, causation, classifications, psychological and pharmaceutical treatments, rigorous efficacy of treatments, decline in miserable people, and even the curing of mental diseases.
Compare and Contrast the Person Centred Model with one other Humanistic Approach, examining differences and similarities between the two approaches. Introduction Through this assignment I hope to demonstrate my understanding of the key concepts of the Person Centred Approach to counselling, its influences, strengths and weakness and how this theory compares and contrasts to the Humanistic approach of Gestalt Therapy. The Person Centred Model was an approach first devised by Carl Rogers during the 1950’s. He was the main driving force behind the changes proposing that the therapeutic relationship should be a warmer experience. Stating that the client was the expert and recognising that their condition improved when the counselling relationship was conducted on an even keel.