STM is described as working memory because it is used to emphasise the active part of memory where information we are consciously aware of is actively ‘worked on’ in many ways. Working memory enables us to consciously use information from sensory memory and LTM. I think working memory is more appropriate because when we are consciously paying attention to sensory information we are ‘working’ the short term memory. 7. Information might be forgotten if it is not rehearsed to remain in our LTM or if we are distracted by new information which pushes out the information already in our STM.
Essay #1 Information is stored in memory and is brought to bear in order to make sense of the world. According to the our text, the process by which different individuals makes sense of the world and construe their immediate reality, are based on emotional and behavioral reactions that as they unfold are influenced by the our mental representations, or schemas. Schemas allow individuals to organize, interpret and make sense of situations, themselves and access their own psychological states, and other people as well. Schemas allow us to categorize and group information about experiences ideas, people. It serves to organize and simplify vast amounts of information efficiently so that it can be used quickly to make inferences about people and decisions.
Expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards(Code of Practice, Regulations, Essential standards, National Occupational Standards): to examine why and how I practice, to identify areas for improvement, to develop different ways of working, to develop new areas of learning. 2. Be able to reflect on practice Importance of reflective practice: reflecting on situation can improve own knowledge, skills and understanding and may include: giving me grater insight, examining how effective my practice is, thinking through different approaches. Own values, belief system and experiences may affect working experiences by: understanding and being open to others` attitudes and beliefs, respecting differences between own and others personal attitudes, being aware of own personal attitudes and beliefs. 3.
Semantic memory records the knowledge that a person has about the world around him or her. Semantic memory generally is derived from the episodic memory for a person will learn new facts and concepts by personal experiences and it is the episodic memory that supports a person experiences. Semantic memory requires an encoding process for a person to recall facts in one’s mind. The semantic memory is mostly activated in the frontal and temporal cortexes. Once the memory reaches the frontal and temporal cortexes one can recall knowledge that one is seeking.
68) To repeat, the observations that we make daily affect our use of words. This in turn, shapes how we perceive others, their behaviors, events, and ourselves. Luckily for us, perception is an ongoing active mental process. To illustrate the point, “Perception is the active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting, objects, events, situations, and other phenomena”. (Interpersonal Communications, 2010, pg.
An unconscious person mind is thought to still have drives, urges and instincts that we cannot control unless we are conscious. The unconscious mind is thought to motivate our words, actions and feelings without us knowing or understanding what we sometimes say, act or feel. Some psychologists think that dream, forgetfulness and a slip-of-the-tongue are explained by our unconsciousness. A preconscious mind can suppress some thoughts or behaviors but can recall the functions rapidly and become conscious thoughts and behavior. Some thoughts and behaviors may cause a person some discomfort and are suppressed into the unconscious as not to cause anxious feels when they are recalled to the conscious mind.
Team 2. Executive Summary OB4: Job Attitudes & G4: Obtaining information and Evaluating people Obtaining information and Evaluating people The skill of obtaining information can help us to: Better grasp organizational capabilities, deal with project management issues, and visualize market opportunities; nevertheless we have to be very aware of the cultural comparisons that could block the flow of information. In general, concerns about sharing information directly are more pronounced in hierarchical, group oriented cultures where enduring relationships are key personal asset. More country-specific factors can influence the flow of information as well. Recommendations for obtaining information are among others: To see really what is there through the attitudes and perceptions, asking via a third party, and that could be by the form of triangulating, even changing the setting, because the degree of openness in communication is often based on the context, other option is to explain background and context or to add background to your requests, showing genuine interest and demonstrating very clearly the level of you interest or depth of your concern to be taken seriously, showing precedent because the past is as important in the future for many countries, probing politely but persistently your experience or the experience of others, never underestimate the persistent repetition of a question or similar type of questions, sometimes even rephrase the request, in order to really know whether you are getting your request made, and clarify and confirm, sending a follow up confirmation in writing will always help you certify that there’s an agreement.
Discuss social or cultural factors that affect cognitive processes. Cognitive processes are the representation of memory in ones brain and are known as schema. Our brains have the ability to process complex symbols and make them sense right to the environment surrounding us. This enables us to look at situations and imagine what might happen following it. This ability to see information and process it can be affected easily by various factors.
Bartlett’s theory of reconstructive memory suggests that recall of information is subject to the personal interpretation which is dependent on one’s cultural norms and values. Bartlett’s theory therefore shows that memory is not necessarily reliable as information could not be retrieved the same way it was encoded. In other words, schemas enable us to store the central meaning or gist of new information without necessarily remembering the precise details (Hill, G. 2001). Bartlett (1932) also suggested that memories are influenced by schemas as people organize and store information in a way that makes sense to them. Therefore, schemas are able to distort unfamiliar information in order to fit it to with the existing knowledge and expectations hence, resulting in unreliable
Information is received through our senses, encoded and entered into the memory system where it is stored. Our ability to reconstruct and retrieve these memories efficiently and effectively is dependent on the way they were constructed and stored. There are many factors that may affect these processes such as knowledge, strategies, past experience, expectations and context. The development of theories that view memory as being constructive and reconstructive, has made a important contribution to the understanding of ‘self’ – that is who we are -and this essay aims to explore this, evaluating some of the factors which influence the way memories are constructed and reconstructed and looking at the evidence supporting the validity of these factors. Memory plays such a wide-ranging role in our lives that we are inclined to take it for granted until an incident of forgetting or some other malfunction.