Abraham Maslow believe that people have certain needs they must meet in a technique way, from highest to lowest in self-actualization (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). According to Maslow the needs of safety, love, belonging, and achievement must come into focus for humans. Humanistic theory focues on the individual and suggest that they are in control of his or her state of mind. The environment and the influence of inner thoughts, actions and desires affects the humans personality (McLeod, 2012). The Humanistic key figures are people who are encouraged in his or her upbringing to develop their own unique style instead appreciate when they meet other individuals’ outlooks to develop self-concepts.
Acquiring interpersonal empathy and developing relationship skills is at the heart of the humanistic model. Existentialists are similar to humanists by believing that human beings should strive to have a true awareness of self and to live authentic lives to be whole, healthy individuals. They believe in free-will and that humans need to take responsibility for their existence by making choices to be the best person that they can be. Those who look at themselves as helpless and do not believe they have positive choices may live, empty, inauthentic, and dysfunctional lives (Comer, 2014). The humanistic perspective is valuable since it views each person as unique individuals who have value, responsibility of choices because of freedom, and a capacity to change themselves.
Carl Rogers, a leading humanistic psychologist defined the term actualization as the capability for people to "maintain or enhance the organism", so long as their are not strong opposing forces present. (Page) Humanists have applied this definition to personality psychology to develop the term "self-actualization," meaning maintenance or enhancement of the self. In fact, self-actualization appears to be the purpose of human life. The realities of life present a challenge, rather an opportunity for growth. Along with actualization, the humanist theory says that people to feel loved and accepted by others, and specifically by those they deem to be "significant others."
Process Report of a Client Centred Therapy Session Reflection and Literature Review "It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided." (Rogers, 1986, cited in The Carl Rogers Reader by Kirschenbaum & Henderson, 1989, p.135) This process report is an assignment for the Humanistic Approach module required as evidence that students have acquired the skills and understood how to work with clients from a humanistic perspective. The humanistic approach evolved in the United States in 1950s and it was proposed by Carl Rogers who proposed that “therapy could be simpler,
| COMPARE AND CONTRAST HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN NATURE. | BSc (Hons) Counselling & Therapeutic Studies | WORD COUNT: 3000 2/1/2012 | COMPARE AND CONTRAST HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR CONTRBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN NATURE. ‘…the key words for Humanistic therapy are acceptance and growth; the major themes of Existential therapy are client responsibility and freedom’ (CSAT, 1999, ch.6) Introduction Humanistic psychology associated with theorists such as Abraham Maslow, Fritz Perls, Carl Rogers and Sidney Jourard and Existential psychology associated with theorist such as Rollo May, Victor Frankl, Irvin Yalom and Emmy van Deurzen-Smith, share certain concepts that utilise a range of approaches which establish conceptualisation, therapeutic goals and intervention strategies (CSAT, 1999). These psychologies defining similarity is that they both place emphasis on life meaning, objective reality and human potential (Cozon, 2008) and incorporate methods to understanding human experiences. The aim of either Humanistic or Existential approaches is to facilitate the development of a person’s self-awareness and self-understanding.
Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Many researchers believe that many aspects affect an individual’s personality. This paper is will analyze the biological and humanistic approaches to personality. This paper will also use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to discuss at the extent in which growth needs influence personality formation, describe biological factors that influence the formation of personality, examine the relationship of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality and explain the basic aspects of humanistic theory that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. The concept that individuals inherit their personalities from their parents is the biological approach to personality. Unlike the Big Five, this theory founded by Hans Eysenck establishes three dimensions: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
Humanistic and Existential Theories Influence Interpersonal Relationships According to The Humanistic and Existent Theory influence on interpersonal relationships, people will try and associate with other people and try to connect in a healthy and productive relationship, but in all they will be alone. “Abraham Maslow believed fulfilling love and belongingness was a primal need and must be filled by friendship, creating a family, having a mate and maintaining associations with others. He proposed fulfillment at this level was essential for other levels of human success” (Feist and Feist). Our social construction will help us claim the knowledge, personality and behavior will be constructed from any social interaction and learning theories will define how the human being can learn from their behavior and personality according to the response from their environment will have some considerations internally. The humanistic theory has the great tendency to encourage the human drive toward an ultimate goal that is predetermined.
In this paper I will explain the use of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, describe biological factors that influence the formation of personality. Compare and contrast the biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality, compare and contrast the humanistic theories that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs explain how these needs motivate us all, our most basic needs are inborn having evolved over years. He states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious need for survival itself. Only when the lower order needs a physical and emotional well-being are satisfied we considered with a higher order needed have influence and personal development.
Moreira (2012) stated, “Humanistic-phenomenological psychotherapy is a contemporary development of person-centered therapy” (p. 3). Carl Rogers was an influential psychologist as well. The article on Carl Rogers describes his findings and the importance of his research and how these findings are researched even further. Many changes have been made to the Rogerian theory, which originated from a clinical theory of psychotherapy, Rogers work expanded into other areas such as education (Moreira, 2012). Psychologists and researchers around the world have continued the study of Rogers’s person-centered
I found that I can relate to Albert Ellis and his Rational Emotive Behavior Theory (REBT.) I can relate to Ellis and his theory because it is a cognitive approach to therapy, which I strongly agree with. REBT is based on the belief that people are born with a potential for irrational or rational– thinking (Jones-Smith, 2012). I have always believed this about people, which is also why I can relate to this theory. I can also relate to Ho’s theory of internalized culture, which suggests that the formations of our worldviews are influenced by eternalized culture (Jones-Smith, 2012).