What kinds of clinical specimens may yield a mixed flora in bacterial cultures? Oral, Skin, or GI specimens 5. When more than one colony type appears in pure culture, what are the most likely sources of extraneous contamination? Individual colonies can be picked up on the inoculating loop, or straight wire and inoculated in to the fresh agar or brother media References Cowan, M. K. (2012). MICROBIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH, THIRD EDITION.
The resistance genes could transfer to human causing them to immune to antibiotic. This could aggravate the already serious health problem of antibiotic-resistance disease organism. The British Medical Association, the leading association of doctors in Britain called for ban on GE crops in 1999. -Toxicity Toxicity can emerge to our familiar foods in so many ways. It might occur intentionally by the BT toxin which is considered to be relatively safe for humans.
Per Organic Consumers Association, Irradiation is a ‘magic bullet’ that will enable the company to say that the product was ‘clean’ when it left the packing plant. The claim, more rather, lacks the key source in evidence, for even the best sanitation and standard antibacterial treatments cannot ensure safety in foods. In addition, irradiation cannot occur properly if the food is too heavily contaminated, preventing industries from using this practice as a substitution for good sanitation practices. Irradiation is not harmful in producing resistant strains of bacteria, nor does it make food radioactive. It simply reduces the amounts of bacteria in foods that may become potential illnesses in humans.
The tests performed on the unknown bacteria culture were all used to determine and identify the bacteria. Each of the tests performed provided some key information about the bacteria in question and how it functions. Even though I performed, all the tests listed above I will only be detailing a few that I used as determinants according to my dichotomous key. The oxidase test was used to test for the presence of cytochrome oxidase. The unknown bacteria was taken from the NA agar slant and placed on an oxidase strip in a drop of distilled water.
Escherichia Coli is a large, diverse group of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. A German physician named Dr. Theodore Escherich discovered it in 1885. The genus is composed of gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore forming rods. The organism’s usual habitat is the digestive tracts of humans and animals. Escherichia Coli is a beneficial function in the human body because it synthesizes useful vitamins such as Vitamin K. E. coli also acts as competition in the intestine by suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may be present or ingested.
For the food test that use to determine the of presence protein we use Biuret test instead of Million’s Test. The reason why we are choosing the Biuret test is because the Millon’s Test cannot have positive result on specific protein such as gelatine due to the gelatin had no tyrosine beside the Million’s Test will show positive result on every substance which had the tyrosine including non protein substance. So we used albumin solution and it will only show positive result on protein only. Objective -To determine the presence of reducing sugar by carrying of Benedict’s test -To determine the presence of non reducing sugar by carrying out Hydrolysis process by using dilute hydrochloric acid. -To show the presence of starch by carrying out iodine test.
Part 1- Dosage (in mg.) a. )Uses for Chloramphenicol The Drug Chloramphenicol, though no longer a commonly prescribed medication, is very successful for the treatment of a wide range of infections. Chloramphenicol is classified as a broad spectrum antibiotic. This medication works well against gram-positive, as well as gram-negative organisms, interfering with the process of protein synthesis, the process essential for bacterial growth Chloramphenicol was once considered the “drug of choice” by physicians, used to treat everything from the simple throat infection to the common flu. This is not the case anymore.
Bacterial infections can usually be treated with anti-biotics however some types of bacteria can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Common illnesses caused by bacteria are Salmonella, tuberculosis, MRSA, bronchitis, ear infections and tonsillitis. Virus-tend to be smaller than bacteria and in order for the cells to reproduce they need to be in a living host. The common way of treating a virus is through immunization as anti-biotics will not be effective against viral infections.
The idea was based on an experiment led by Dr.Allison. (Dunn, 2011) The experiment suggested that normal soap can prevent gastrointestinal or respiratory illness but antibiotic soaps cannot. Therefore, the purpose of using antibiotic soap is to prevent illness, but now it seems not to work very well. Furthermore, in 1998, Dr. Stuart Levy issued in the Nature magazine that overuse of antibiotic soap that contains triclosan could improve drug resistance to bacteria and create a new type of bacteria that can resist triclosan. (Levy, 1998) Moreover, scientist Judith Groch in her research “Antibacterial Soap No Better And May Worse Than Plain Soap” argued that, “although triclosan can kill bacteria at high concentrations, it could not kill germ-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens.” In addition, antibacterial soaps cannot prevent some
CAUSES AND SPREAD OF INFECTION Outcome one:- The differences between bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites. Bacteria :- they are small single-celled life forms that reproduce quickly and are capable of causing disease. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria although some can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Virus:-These are smaller than bacteria and need to be in a living host to cell reproduce, the principal way of control is immunisation, antibiotics are not affective against viral infections.