Outline clinical characteristics of phobia (8) Rosenhan and Seligman said that ‘A phobia is a persistent fear reaction that is strongly out of proportion to the reality of the danger’. Is an extreme, irrational fear of an object or situation, e.g. arachnophobia (fear of spiders). The sufferer is well aware of how irrational, excessive and unreasonable their phobia is, but this awareness does not help them. When a person with a phobia encounters the stimulus which causes their fear they experience extreme anxiety and will show avoidance behaviour.
Specific phobias: excessive, unrealistic fear of a specific object or situation. Sufferers of this avoid the object or situation or have intense distress while encountering it. xxix. Social phobia/social anxiety disorder: severe, persistent, and irrational fear of negative evaluation by others. xxx.
A phobia can be defined as an irrational fear that people feel the need to avoid. It has to give off an excessive reaction and has to interfere with a person’s everyday routine. There are two branches of phobia these are: Social phobias and specific phobias. In order for people with phobias to be treated they need to be diagnosed by a doctor or clinician. In order for them to be diagnosed properly, diagnostic criteria is used.
It is noted that his excessive worry led him to see his doctor. Tom also has a problem with controlling Psychological Disorders his anxiety level. He has become aware that it is affecting his mood as he is often irritable, cannot concentrate and suffers from insomnia. All of these symptoms lead to the belief that Tom’s diagnosis is that of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Usually the most effective treatment would be the approach that combines psychological and psychopharmacologic approaches.
Risk assessments are also designed to manage and identify areas of concern, either to the patient or health professional’s involved in the care of the patient. Areas of risk assessment may include suicide or self harm, absconding, aggression or violence, substance use, vulnerabilities and neglect, non adherence or compliance. These areas of assessment may include past risk and current risk factors (Edward, Munro, Robins & Welch, 2011). Risk assessment of the patient is important but also risk towards others. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia are more opportunistic in behaving aggressively or violently towards co-patients and/or staff, which is why implementation of such assessment tools have been put in place (Langan, 2008).
Mr. Hudson complains of symptoms such as, dizziness, ringing of the ears, dry mouth and dry throat. According to the DSM IV-TR, I diagnose the “Edgy Electrician” with (GAD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A disorder characterized by chronic distress and anxiety. He qualifies for this disorder because he possesses some symptoms such as difficulty concentrating and being unable to control his worries, which are all symptoms of (GAD). “People with Generalized Anxiety Disorder report that the anxiety that they experience cause substantial interference with their lives and they need a significant dosage of medications to control their symptoms.” (Gerow and Chatmon 2013, p. 258).
Acute pain was stated to have a sharp quality while chronic pain was said to be dull. Unfortunately these incomplete and inaccurate thoughts about acute and chronic pain have persisted even though they are not supported by current scientific understanding. Acute pain has since been defined as pain with a duration of less than 2-3 months, while chronic pain has a duration of longer than 6 months. Durations between three and six months are classified as sub-acute. Since the belief has been that pain relates directly to tissue health and most tissue injuries resolve in 2-3 months, it was believed that pain should also resolve in that same time.
The individual will not know that they have this disorder until their emotion state is put to the test. BPD individuals engage in self manipulating behaviors, suicide attempts and thoughts, they also show impulsive behavior, such as spending money, sex, and substance abuse. Supportive therapy may be the best approach when a person emotional stability is in question. Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that needs to be closely and figured
It is accepted that a trigger is required for psoriasis to develop and this can be a throat infection, injury to the skin, certain drugs and, importantly, stress of some kind. Research has found that very often there is a significant emotional factor in the triggering of psoriasis, which is why hypnosis has proven so helpful in many cases. Psoriasis can have a negative impact on one’s quality of life, interfering with many different areas. Sleeping may also be a problem. Many people with psoriasis tend to persist with a poor self-image, always thinking negative thoughts about themselves and feeling they “deserve it”.
On the other hand, this technique will only work if the client has a good working relationship with the therapist. If they do not get on the SIT will not work at all or may only work for a few months. Another technique for managing stress is biological. There are many drug treatments for stress such as analdohol which was tested in Budzynski’s research into drug related stress therapies. One problem with drugs as a treatment however, is that patients can become very dependent on the drugs and find it hard to come off them.