7. Ribosomal location determines the usage of proteins made there. How are proteins used produced at each of the following ribosomal location? Free ribosomes in the cytosol - makes protein that functions within the cell Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) – makes protein that functions outside the cell 8. Describe tRNA function.
Mitochondria Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cell Membrane A cell membrane of the cell. It gives the cell its shape, it is the outer covering of the cell made up from phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer, which allows the materials to enter and to exit. The cell membrane is not one solid piece. It is made of different pieces. Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane.
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
Synthesis of polypeptide chains is protein The chains produce specfic proteins based on the genetic code in DNA. This occurs in two stages, which is transcription and translation. The transcription stage occurs in the nucleus where the DNA contains the cistrons/genes that code for specific polypeptides. The transcribing stand is the part of the strand that forms the cistron. The strand acts as a template and is transcribed to mRNA.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of interconnected membranous sacs, channels, or cisternae in the cytoplasm. It has two subtypes: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is a ribbon-like structure surrounding the nucleus near the base of the cell. Its surface appears rough due to the ribosomes attached to its membrane and it is the first organelle into which membranebound or extracellular proteins are inserted. SER lacks ribosomes and participates in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Organelles include mitochondria, Iysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria: Every cell in the body has at least 1000 of these rod-shaped, spherical bodies and very energetic active cells like muscle and liver cells will have much more. Mitochondria are concerned with energy release. Each mitochondria has a double layered membrane but the inner layer is folded at intervals, which produces a series of ridges known as cristae. The enzymes responsible for the end stages of glucose oxidation are located on the cristae.
Golgi body: The Golgi body is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The Golgi body has numerous functions, such as sorting and progressing protein. While present in the Golgi body, they are processed and sent throughout the cell. The Golgi body is also responsible for deciding which proteins are to be transported outside the cell. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid which is made up mostly of water and salt.
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? What are the names for the two major groups of prokaryotes? both have a cell membrance on the outside and both have ribosomes but the eucaryotic only have membrane bound organelles. both can have the cell wal. euc.
| | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place. |
They form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood capillaries, heart and lung alveoli and make up the outer layers of the skin. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium are roughly square in shape and have a circular nucleus in the centre of each cell. They are found in glands and in the lining of the kidney tubules. Simple Columnar Epithelium occur in one or more layers. They are elongated and column shaped.