Ribosomes are responsible for assembling chains of amino acids to make protein. The way in which the component parts are arranged within the cell, plus the additional organelle in in eukaryotes however, provides the biggest difference between the two cell types. All organelles of the eukaryotes are membrane bound. Compartmentalisation within the eukaryotic cell allows for each organelle to create its own isolated environment so that the reactions and processes of each organelle is kept separated within the cell. The genetic material of both cells, in the form of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is held differently within the two cells.
Both plant and animal cells contain a nucleus that contains a cell’s hereditary material. 3. Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria, which supply energy to the cell 4. Both plant and animal cells contain ribosomes, organelles necessary for protein synthesis. 5.
| | Cells | Cells are the smallest functional unit organism. Cells have many different functions inside of living things. | | Eukaryotic | An Eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a nucleus and all of the organelles in the inside are protected by a cell membrane. | | Prokaryotic | Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus. | | Cell Membrane | The Cell Membrane holds everything inside the cell together and protects it from things that could harm it.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of interconnected membranous sacs, channels, or cisternae in the cytoplasm. It has two subtypes: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is a ribbon-like structure surrounding the nucleus near the base of the cell. Its surface appears rough due to the ribosomes attached to its membrane and it is the first organelle into which membranebound or extracellular proteins are inserted. SER lacks ribosomes and participates in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification. * Activate proteins Understand what is meant by membrane potential What is an electrochemical gradient? What does it do in active transport? How? Understand the two forces at work in an electrochemical gradient What is an electrogenic pump?
4 – Dismantles debris B. 6 – Protein synthesis C. 2 – Houses DNA D. 1 – Lipid synthesis E. 7 – Processes secretions F. 3 – Energy extraction G. 5 – Detoxification 2) Explain the functions of the following proteins: A. Tubulin and Actin – Tubulin forms microtubules, while actin forms microfilaments. B. Caspases – Caspases are responsible for apoptosis. C. Cyclins and kinases – The interaction of cyclins and kinases trigger mitosis from the inside. D. Checkpoint proteins – Checkpoint proteins are responsible for regulating the cell cycle.
5. Distinguish between animal and plant cells – structures in common/ structures unique to each. 6. Where is DNA located in a prokaryote cell? In a eukaryote cell?
What aspects of cell membrane structure are accurately illustrated by it? * Describe the structure of the cell membrane according to the fluid mosaic model. * What class of biological molecules do enzymes fit into: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids? How do enzymes work? What do they do?
Mitochondria Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cell Membrane A cell membrane of the cell. It gives the cell its shape, it is the outer covering of the cell made up from phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer, which allows the materials to enter and to exit. The cell membrane is not one solid piece. It is made of different pieces. Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane.
What is the fallacy behind taking amino acid supplements? 6. Describe the process of cellular protein synthesis (transcription and translation). Include the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome. 7.