Cell Analogy Assignment Glossary Cell Membrane: The cell membrane is a thin membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm and holds the content of a cell. Its job is to protect the substances within a cell by allowing some substances in and keeping others out. It maintains the shape and helps support the cell. The Cell membrane has Phospholipids components that have polar heads and hydrophobic tail that face opposite of each other it allows some types of molecules to diffuse on the cell membrane. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm consists of all the components outside of the nucleus and within the cell membrane of the cell.
Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton makes up the cell’s structural framework. The cytoskeleton determines the cells shape, participates in cell division, and allows cells to move. Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules to their specific destinations either inside or outside the cell. Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus packages molecules processed by the endoplasmic reticulum to be transported out of the cell. Lysosomes These organelles are the recycling centre of the cell.
The details of each membrane will be discussed in further detail. The organelles composed of membranes are the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles/Vesicles, Nuclear Membrane, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast. The cell membrane is an extremely important cell part that functions as a barrier that completely surrounds the cell and serves as an animal cell's outer barrier. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer is made up of a double layer of fatty acids that have a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior.
Embedded in the plasma membrane are protein molecules, some of which form channels through which other molecules can pass. Some proteins act as carriers — that is, they are “paid” in energy to let a molecule attach to itself and then transport that molecule inside the cell. A membrane can allow molecules to be passively transported through it in three ways: diffusion (high concentration to a low concentration), osmosis (water
7. A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of their chromosomal DNA which is tightly packaged with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a _______. 8. The delivery system of eukaryotic cells called the ______ complex can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules. 9.
Cytoplasm is anything within the plasma cell membrane, but outside the nucleus. The following things that are found within a cell are individual organelles. Mitochondria Mitochondria are spherical or rod shaped bodies that can be found within the cytoplasm and are concerned with energy release. Each
The space between the outer and inner membranes can fill with newly synthesized proteins just as the rough endoplasmic reticulum does. The nuclear envelope is enmeshed in a network of filaments for stability. Phospholipid Bilayer Both the cell surface membrane and the membranes surrounding certain organelles have the same basic structure. Much of the membrane is made up of what is known as a Phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipids are arranged in two layers (a bilayer).
The heads of the molecules are hydrophilic (‘water loving’) and face the water. Overall, the cell membrane acts to selectively allow substances to move into and out of the cell and maintains the cell potential. Proteins within the membrane act as molecular signals allowing the cells to communicate with each other and other substances outside the cell. About 70% of the cell membrane is actually protein. The cytoplasm of the cell has a number of organelles, although the one that I will focus on is the vacuole.
Also it is common in the liver cells, striated muscle and nerve cells. Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus is usually connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It stores and transports proteins and other substances manufactured by the ER. Golgi apparatus is made up of several folds of membranes and a collection of vesicles. The number of Golgi bodies in a cell varies according to its function.
This actively maintains the essential differences between the inside and outside environment. In addition it acts as an attachment area for the intracellular cytoskeleton and the cell wall. (Alberts et al., 2008) The basic matrix of the plasma membrane is made of the lipid bilayer, formed by amphipathic polar phospholipids, with hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. The predisposition of the hydrophilic portions to interrelate with their external aqueous environments and themselves. Therefore the inclination of the hydrophobic portions to stick together, is the origin of spontaneous membranes formation.