Plays a major role in locomotion, chromosome separation in mitosis and meiosis and intracellular transport of organelles. The cytoskeleton is made up of three kinds of protein filaments: [pic] • Actin filaments (also called microfilaments) They are about 8 nm in diameter, and are thinnest of all cytoskeletal filaments. They are mede up of actin. Actin filaments provides mechanical strength to the cell, links transmembrane proteins (Protein that passes one or more times through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane) to cytoplasmic proteins. Most actin molecules work together to give support and structure to the plasma membrane and are therefore found near the cell membrane.
Eukaryotes are the most common type of cell and can be found in fungi, animal’s plants and humans. Within this cell there are many organelles that all have their own function for example mitochondria or chloroplast performs metabolic functions and energy conversion. | | | | Eukaryote Cell. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is made up of a jelly-like fluid, this is what holds all the organelles. Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton makes up the cell’s structural framework.
7. A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of their chromosomal DNA which is tightly packaged with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a _______. 8. The delivery system of eukaryotic cells called the ______ complex can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules. 9.
It is made up of proteins. A nucleus directs all cell activities, found on a hereditary material called DNA. Usually the largest organelle. A nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from cytoplasm’s. It control movement in and out of the Nucleus.
This is a gel like fluid where chemical reactions take place. Mitochondria: Is circular or rod shape bodies found within the cytoplasm and helps to releases energy. Every cell in the body has at least one thousand of these. They have double layered membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum: Commonly known as ER Endo means within and Recto means a network – A network within a cell interior There are two variations: Rough – has tiny black bodies known as ribosomes.
Structure – The nucleus is encapsulated and protected by the nuclear envelope, which is a double lipid bilayer. Within the envelope is the nucleoplasm, which holds chromatin, a complexity of proteins and DNA, and in the center of the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleus also has pores on the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, which regulate the entry and exit of certain macromolecules (Campbell, 2005, pg.102). Lysosome Function – Lysosomes are membranous sacs filled with enzymes that are used to digest different kinds of macromolecules within a cell (Campbell, 2005, pg.107). Lysosomes are essentially a digestive system for the cell both breaking down materials taken in from outside the cell and breaking down obsolete components of the cell itself (Cooper).
Also it is common in the liver cells, striated muscle and nerve cells. Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus is usually connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It stores and transports proteins and other substances manufactured by the ER. Golgi apparatus is made up of several folds of membranes and a collection of vesicles. The number of Golgi bodies in a cell varies according to its function.
Each contains a varied amount of internal structures which have different functions too. For one we have the Plasma Membrane which is the "skin" of the cell and regulates what goes in and out of the cell such as water, waste, nutrients. The Mitochondrion is where aerobic respiration and ATP production takes place and creates the cell's energy. Then we have the Struma which is part of the chloroplasts that is in the plant cells where carbon dioxide is transformed into glucose. Endoplasmic is also in which reticulum- moves proteins around and in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm consists of all the components outside of the nucleus and within the cell membrane of the cell. It contains the organelles of a cell. The cytoplasm has a jelly like appearance and is clear in colour. It’s made of mostly water, salt, organelles, and other organic molecules. Nucleus: The center core or brain of the cell.
Signal transduction happens when a membrane protein may have a binding site with a specific shape that fits the shape of a chemical messenger, such as hormones & other extracellular substances that trigger changes in cellular activity. Another function is cell to cell recognition which occurs when some proteins serve as identification tags that are specifically recognized by other cells. The Cell Wall is a rigid structure mainly made out of the protein cellulose, a tough chemical that helps plants to maintain their shape