3. First-pass elimination by the liver is reduced because of the immaturity of the liver and reduced levels of microsomal enzymes. 4. Intramuscular absorption
Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped, what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? The cellular process that is normally affected is aerobic respiration. Glucose begins the process in glycolysis and oxygen is required for reactions in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide is then produced as a byproduct, which is a waste that requires to be excreted. The mitochondria has no more oxygen and glucose to make essential ATP energy, when carbon dioxide levels inside the cell rose and PH began to drop.
Effect of Venturicidin on Oxygen Evolution Venturicidin is a powerful inhibitor of the chloroplast ATP synthase, interacting with the CFo part of the enzyme and blocking proton passage through the CFoCF1 complex. How would venturicidin affect oxygen evolution in a suspension of well-illuminated chloroplasts? Would your answer change if the experiment were done in the presence of an uncoupling reagent such as 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)? Explain. Answer Oxygen evolution requires continuing passage of electrons through PSII.
Carmen believed that the more salt, the lower the temperature is. It is incorrect. The lower amount of salt, the less time it took to freeze. 3. I would suggest to Carmen that she maybe would give herself more time to let the water freeze because when she added 5 grams of salt, it did not freeze in enough time of the experiment.
Using the G° data in your Appendix B, calculate the change in Gibbs free energy for each of the following reactions. In each case, indicate whether the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. a) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g) b) MgCl2 (s) + H2O (l) → MgO (s) + 2 HCl (g) c) 2 NH3 (g) → N2H4 (g) + H2 (g) d) 2 NOCl (g) → 2 NO (g) + Cl2 (g) 4. From the values given for ΔH° and ΔS°, calculate ΔG° at 25°C for each of the following reactions. If the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions at 298K, at what temperature (if any) would the reaction become spontaneous?
The relative reactivity of the hydrogens H1, H2, H3 , and H4 were 0.37, 1.4, 2.9, and 1.0 respectively. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane follows the radical reaction mechanism. Abstraction of hydrogen from 1-chlorobutane by the chlorine radical occurs in the first part of the propagation step. Depending on which hydrogen is abstracted by the chlorine radical, determines which product is formed. Hydrogens on the alkene have different reactivity which determines which isomer is favored.
This is an indicatore because sucrase is an enzyme found in the small intestine that catalyzes the splitting of the disaccharide sucrose into the monosaccharides glucos and fructose. The amount of product produced indicate the level of sucrase activity that occured. 5. Explain why denatured sucrase was used as a control. Denatured sucrase was used as a control because denatured enzymes, in this case sucrase, lose their shape and can potentially lose their ability to catalyze a chemical reaction.
17. A catalyst changes the rate of a reaction by A. changing (H. B. increasing the temperature. C. decreasing the energy of the products. D. providing an alternate reaction mechanism. 18.
A) is neutralized by water B) is surrounded by water molecules C) reacts and forms a covalent bond to water D) aggregates with other molecules or ions to form a micelle in water Answer: B Page Ref: Section 3 11 9) Which would you expect to be most soluble in water? A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answer: A Page Ref: Section 3 10) Solutes diffuse more slowly in cytoplasm than in water because of A) the higher viscosity of water. B) the higher heat of vaporization of water. C) the presence of many crowded molecules in the cytoplasm. D) the absence of charged molecules inside cells.
The rate of reaction is determined on a level of 0 to 4 which is slowest to fastest. Throughout the chemical reaction (the production on benzoquinone), there will be a series of color changes. At the very beginning the enzyme and substrate will be clear; as the benzoquinone is produced there will be a gradual change to a faint peach-ish color, then yellow to orange-ish red, and then on to its final stage at a dark brick reddish color (benzoquinone has now been produced). The time it takes for the enzyme to change to dark red is the rate of reaction. (2.)