The pre-conditions that satiate the concept are full information, the ability to objectively evaluate arguments and freedom from self-deception or coercion. The third main belief has relevance to social theory, which facilitates explanations of social order, conflict and changes. He articulates that the class difference and societal divisions may limit individual learning capacity. Mezirow assumes that society is made up autonomous, responsible individuals who can act to bring about incremental change to their
Compare and contrast the concepts of structure and agency and, using examples, show how each is useful for understanding work and/or leisure This essay aims to demonstrate how the concepts of agency (an individual’s ability to act on their own accordance in relation to society) and structure (societies guidelines on how to act and the moral compass of society which constrains and guides individuals with rules, regulations and laws that are set by society and legislation) can be utilised as a useful tool to understand work and leisure within society by comparing (examining) and contrasting (showing the differences) both. Agency within leisure demonstrates how and why we make choices regarding our leisure activities. For example why a person chooses to play golf or attend a gym. These leisure choices are influenced by agency by factors including our workplace environment and ambition which can be shown for example in deciding to take up golf or join a high end gym. This has been seen in society as way of enhancing our work-life and prospects by networking and building up relationships outside of work with colleagues.
Beliefs are whatever an individual is willing to accept without direct verification by experience or without the support of evidence, resulting in assumption which is taken for a basis of action or non action. A belief system is an organised way of trying to explain the world around us. It is something that distinguishes human beings, and becomes an integral part of culture. examples include humanism, religion, capitalism, science and feminism. Values are essential components of belief systems.
That is, it is based on a set of rules and expectations about how people should relate to each other because of their employment relationship. Employment relationships can affect an individual’s self-image, their social skills and
In this approach, humans are portrayed as acting as opposed to being acted upon. Mead (1934) proposed that both human development and the meanings we assign to everyday objects and events are fundamentally social processes, they require the interaction of multiple individuals; language is crucial to the development of self and society, the means by which communicate with one another. Society and self were created through communicative acts like speech and gestures; the individual personality was shaped by society, and vice versa. For symbolic interactionists, society is produced and reproduced through our interactions with each other by language and our interpretation of it, and the building block of everything else in society is face-to-face interaction through it we create a meaningful social reality. Blumer in 1969 stipulated three basic tenets the first one says, we act toward things on the basis of their meanings.
Maslow says that once you have achieved each level of needs you then get to self-actualisation, this is when you try to fit in with peers, thus changing your behaviour so it is alike theirs. Maslow says that society is the reason why we have values and it affects the
However, the culture establishes the norms and defines how leadership has to work. A leader is the responsible to understand how to create people alignment in different cultures, and to cause damages to cultures that are not working properly, according to Shein (2004). Dickson et al. (2012) outlines that the way leaders are perceived in several cultures can be compared as culture impact in leadership. Those who do something relevant to society, whose distribution of power is hugely stratified, can be in the future imitated for other cultures.
Team 2. Executive Summary OB4: Job Attitudes & G4: Obtaining information and Evaluating people Obtaining information and Evaluating people The skill of obtaining information can help us to: Better grasp organizational capabilities, deal with project management issues, and visualize market opportunities; nevertheless we have to be very aware of the cultural comparisons that could block the flow of information. In general, concerns about sharing information directly are more pronounced in hierarchical, group oriented cultures where enduring relationships are key personal asset. More country-specific factors can influence the flow of information as well. Recommendations for obtaining information are among others: To see really what is there through the attitudes and perceptions, asking via a third party, and that could be by the form of triangulating, even changing the setting, because the degree of openness in communication is often based on the context, other option is to explain background and context or to add background to your requests, showing genuine interest and demonstrating very clearly the level of you interest or depth of your concern to be taken seriously, showing precedent because the past is as important in the future for many countries, probing politely but persistently your experience or the experience of others, never underestimate the persistent repetition of a question or similar type of questions, sometimes even rephrase the request, in order to really know whether you are getting your request made, and clarify and confirm, sending a follow up confirmation in writing will always help you certify that there’s an agreement.
Knapp describes how "people act on the basis of their values; their actions are oriented and constrained by the values and norms of people around them; and these norms and values are the basis of social order" ( 1994:191-192). As this essay progresses, the comparison of both Parson’s and Goffman’s theory’s will be expressed in order to understand the way in which society controls the actions and goals of people in their everyday lives and how both functionalist and symbolic interactionist views can be linked to social order and norm expectations. Erving Goffman was a key micro-sociologist and symbolic interactionist who was interested in the ways in which people were influenced and affected by their surroundings
It explains how life does not just happen. Whether we choose or not, it is carefully, consciously or unconsciously designed by us. We are the creators of our life. We make our own choices; therefore, we choose happiness or sadness. We choose success or failure.