Abstract Fonts can attract different kinds of attention, and also different levels of processing and memory. In this experiment we were particularly interested to see if font styles have any influence on people’s abilities to recall information with the three specific font styles we chose: normal (Times New Roman), all-capitalized and cursive. Our hypothesis was that it was much easier to remember something if the information appeared in the normal font. The participants were college students in a Cognitive Psychology course (N = 27). Each participant received a one-page fictional story and was then tested on recall of the important points covered in the story.
Kahneman (as cited in Edgar, 2007) explains it in the limited capacity theory of attention. According to it, “the brain contains limited-capacity central processor responsible for analyzing incoming information and integrating it to information already held in memory” (Edgar, 2007, pp.11). Thus, when a person tries to do many things at once interference can occur if those things compete for the same pool of resources. However, Macleod (as cited in Edgar, 2007) showed that it is possible to do two things at once without interference. In his study, participants had to carry out a visual and an auditory task and respond to them by saying ‘bip’.
Abstract This paper examines the effects of the type of loci on memory recall. The participants, 667 undergraduate students from the University of Western Sydney, were randomly allocated to the “university” loci group or the “home” loci group. They were asked to recall words that were read out to them by the experimenter and were tested on the number of words recalled correctly with and without the use of loci. Results did not support previous findings and the hypothesis; that different types of loci have affects on memory recall. However the hypothesis that the method of loci improves memory recall was supported.
Discuss research into the effect of misleading information on Eye-Witness Testimony (EWT) Research into the effect of misleading questions on EWT was carried out by Loftus & Palmer. Their aim was to see how information supplied after an event could influence a witness’s memory for that event. In the 2nd experiment, experiment 2, the aim of the experiment was to provide additional insights into the origin of the different estimates of speed by the PP’s. Particularly, they wanted to find out if their verbal labelling had distorted the PP’s memories. Two lab studies both using independent measures design were carried out.
In my opinion, although it is hard to say whether intelligence is limited or not, intellectual abilities are differ from people. The majority of people cannot reach their own high level of intelligence. If they are trained in a scientific way, their intelligence can be improved. One attempt called Project Intelligence based on the computational metaphor is to improve cognitive competencies. This experiment took place in a school for one year.
They found that participants recalled more words from the beginning (the primacy effect) and the end of a list of words (the recency effect). This suggests that the earlier words in the list had been transferred to long term memory and that words later in the list were still in short term memory. Terry (2005) tested recall for serial position effects in the recall of television adverts which supports earlier laboratory experiments. Case studies such as the case of Clive Wearing have also been used to support the existence of different memory
Abstract In making attributions for behavior, individuals will encounter information patterns indicating stimulus, person, or circumstance causation. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of consensus, distinctiveness and consistency information on person and situational attributional judgments. Participants; fifteen second year psychology students; answered 24-hypothetical Events Questionnaire individually, coded their responses, exchanged questionnaires, tallied and rated each question, then analyzed their class’s results (dependent samples t-test). The study supported the hypotheses high consensus causes more situation attributions than low however, did not support high distinctiveness causes more situation attributions than low; and high consistency causes more situation attributions than low. Results confirmed consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency effected person and situational attributional judgments but varied in ratings for different conditions.
This study demonstrated how dramatic events could cause a physiological imprinting of a memory of the event and that emotional events will be remembered more than non-emotional events. This study provides evidence to support anecdotal and personal experiences of flashbulb memories. However, only students were used, therefore reducing its potential in generalization. Also, the researchers only relied upon
Dualism has largely fallen out of favour with most neuroscientists and Talvitie (2009) himself is clearly a monist. At the same time, whilst there is consensus that mind or consciousness emerges from neurophysiological processes, there remains a lack of clarity as to how this is achieved. Talvitie (2009, p 50) goes so far as to make the point that cognitive science has little doubt that unconscious matters determine our behaviour. Rather, it is the role and
Their findings show that the outcome was that people were better at recalling the words both at the beginning and the end of the list more easily than those in the middle. This related well to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, where the words at the beginning would have gone into the LTM loop and words at the end of the list into the STM loop for rehearsal. They explained that that counting backwards displaced the last few words from the fragile STM but not affected the first few words as these were rehearsed. The recency effect disappears with a distractor task but not the primary effect suggests the two effects are the result of different memory stores. Brenda Miller made a study on a young man, HM, who had his hippocampus and parts of his temporal lobes removed.