Outline and evaluate research into the effect of misleading information on the eyewitness testimony. The dictionary definition of misleading information is – Any wrong or misleading information given to the insurer, which may affect underwriting decision. Loftus (1975) experimented the effects of misleading information by showing participants a video clip of a car accident then later splitting the group in half. The first group were asked the simple question “How fast was the white sports car going while travelling along the country road?” This was obviously the controlled question. Others were asked the misleading question “How fast was the white car going when it passed the barn while travelling along the country road?” After a week followed all participants were asked “Did you see the barn?” 17% of the participants asked the misleading question claimed they had seen the barn but only 3% of the other participants said that the barn actually existed.
Loftus and Palmer 1. In the study by Loftus and Palmer, the subjects were shown film clips of car accidents. Identify two differences between witnessing these film clips and witnessing a real accident and, for each difference, say how this might effect the results of the study. [4] 2. In the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony, the subjects gave different estimates of the speed of the cars depending on how the question was asked.
After each film the participants were given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and then answer a series of specific questions about it. There was one critical. This question was ‘About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?’ One group of participants were given this question. The other five groups were given the verbs smashed, collided, bumped or contacted in place of the word hit. The mean speed estimate was calculated for each group.
For example, in Loftus experiments on eye witness testimony the participants were asked to say if there was broken glass present or not. This can be objectively and accurately measured and analysed The artificial and controlled environment used can be useful in ensuring other variables are not causing the effect. For example, in experiments into Jury prejudice, factors such as the nature of the crime, gender, race, and attractiveness can be kept the same or manipulated to see which is most likely to create a bias in favour or against a defendant, thus again establishing a cause and effect relationship. This environment allows standardised procedure and instructions to be applied, meaning that each participant is having the same experience, allowing accurate comparison of individual responses. For, example, when looking at the reliability of eye witness testimony, video or slides can be used to ensure each participant witnesses the same event exactly.
Comparing NASCAR Nationwide Series and Sprint Cup Series Cars Paul Bazan ENG121: English Composition I Instructor: Cortney Philip June 11, 2012 Comparing NASCAR Nationwide Series and Sprint Cup Series Cars Watching NASCAR racing can be confusing for a person that just started watching the sport. There are three main series or classes that are raced: Sprint Cup Series, Nationwide Series, and Camping World Truck Series. This essay will focus on the Nationwide Series and Sprint Cup Series cars. To the untrained eye, these different classes look and drive the same. This essay will show that the engine, body and aerodynamics packages, fuel delivery systems, cockpit, and weight are some differences between the two classes.
The taxi drivers were compared with the scans of 50 healthy right-handed males who did not drive taxis. All of the participants had been licensed London taxi drivers for more than one and a half years The data were collected using imaging (MRI) which collects data about the structure or anatomy of the brain. Pixel counting was carried out on the scans of the 16 taxi drivers and 16 age-matched controls taken from the 50 control participants. Pixel counting consists of counting the pixels in the images provided by the MRI scans. Areas were calculated by taking images of slices of the whole length of the hippocampus.
Detecting Media Bias Natasha D. Hagins Author Note In this short I will be reviews the case of Trayvon Martin and George Zimmerman and the media bias that follow with it. In this short essay I will be writing about the Trayvon Martin. In this news case that bring people closer together and made people fall apart because of ones right to their own opinion. Is a case about an 17 year old boy (Trayvon Martin) who was shot by the neighborhood watch (George Zimmerman) The reporting in this news article just went over the facts in details that was shown to the viewers who watch the case or people who followed the case. The article I think is clear and accurate facts of what was to us throughout the case.
Procedure: Forty-five American students formed an opportunity sample. This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions, only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures design). Participants were shown slides of a car accident involving a number of cars and asked to describe what had happened as if they were eyewitnesses. They were then asked specific questions, including the question “About how fast were the cars going when they (hit/smashed/collided/bumped/contacted ) each other?” Thus, the IV was the wording of the question and the DV was the speed reported by the participants. A week after the participants saw the slides they were asked “Did you see any broken glass?” There was no broken glass shown in the slides.
Our memory in effect shapes our reality and this is the basis of Elizabeth Loftus’ research. In her experiment she selected a random assortment of people and subjected them to footage of a car crash. She then asked a variety of questions relating to the speed of the vehicles before the incident. From this, Loftus concluded that the speed the participant thought the vehicle was going changed depending on the way the question was phrased. For example, when she asked, “how fast was the car going when the two cars smashed?” the participants gave a much higher speed than when the question was phrased, “how fast was the car going when the two cars collided?” This research created a lot of skepticism over the accuracy of eyewitness accounts and since then DNA testing has found a lot of convicted felons to be innocent.
Many cases like “The Elizabeth Smart Case: Why We Need Specific Laws Against Brainwashing” have shown that a persuasive situation may change attitude, but not necessarily change someone’s behavior. Coercion can obviously be affective in changing people’s behavior, but how do we persuade people to change their actual beliefs? One problem that experimenters have is that it is difficult to generalize from the laboratory to real life. Many confounds could be present during the laboratory experiments of attitude and behavioral changes. Still, social psychologists have formed theories about how attitude and behavior changes can occur.