In today’s political world, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between pressure groups and political parties. Although there are certain differences between the two, there are factors which make the lines blur Firstly, both parties and pressure groups have input in the legislative process. Insider groups have influence on government and often an important decision may be made as a result of a powerful stunt done by a pressure group. Also, some top pressure groups are funded by the taxpayers money which blurs the distinction between them and political parties. State-funded PG include ASH and Greenpeace.
They must decide whether it is ethical to adhere to the lower labor and environmental standards found in many less-developed nations. They also must decide which foreign markets to enter and which to avoid. Domestic business managers do not get affected by these factors directly, but they do however get affected by economic downturns due to international trade. • Firms have to find ways to work within the limits imposed by government intervention in the international trade and investment systems. Even though many governments are normally committed to free trade, they often intervene to regulate cross-border trade and investment.
Unit 29 P2 P2: Describe the process of distributing goods through different channels from the manufacturer to the customer Introduction In this assignment I am going to write about the distribution process through different channels and I will make comparisons between a small independent retailer and a large multiple retailers. ‘Distribution in Retailing’ Distribution is about making sure companies check the availabilities of products in a timely and a cost effective manner. The companies have to ensure they have the correct quantities of products for each order they receive as they can’t let their customers down. There are many different ways in which products reach from the manufacturer to the retailer and one of the ways is to undertake retail distribution and bypassing the intermediary retailer, by doing so the companies will earn higher profits. Another way we can class intermediary retailer is a wholesaler and an example of a wholesaler business is metro cash and carry.
These can come from hugely varied sources, from the weather to a war on the other side of the world. The economy and government attempts to control it are more obvious influences on business activities but how each business will be affected are vastly different. During this unit you will investigate the differences in businesses; how they are run organised and influenced. Why certain businesses are organised in different ways and which individuals and organisations are interested in the progress of different businesses. By the end of this unit you should understand: • The range of different businesses and their ownership.
Sadly, this company had a lot of factors working against them when the quarter came to an end. The reason that companies budget is to help ensure that money is being spent properly and to help track where future profits and losses may occur. The unexpected decrease in revenue can be factored into many different areas. One main factor of loss is due to the internet being down for 7 days causing the company to potentially have lost 7.7 percent of it’s customers and an estimated $10,00 in profit for this quarter. Factor number two is the company offering free shipping to orders over $100.
Capital expenditure of $155,000 was incurred during last 2 years. Increase in invested capital reduced both IGR and SGR. As sales growth rate was higher than IGR and SGR, firm had to rely on trade credits and trade notes, besides internal accruals and bank notes to finance its cash outflows. Projections for 1996 are based on information provided and other assumptions described in excel sheets viz. all trade notes will be fully paid and trade credit of 10 days is for additional purchases made from April 1, 1996.
Paul Geary 10109099 Project A: Okun’s Law United States 4th March 2011 Above we see the Business Cycle for the United States displaying both the Unemployment rates and the Real Growth GDP in percentage change over the last 30 years. There are clear indicators that the US economy has had clear stages of economic over-cooling and over-heating during the last 30 years. Between 1981-1985 the US economy expanded greatly except for a 4% drop in 1983. This rapid expansion was clearly unsustainable, as we see with the gradual contraction in the size of the economy from 1986 to1992 where GDP was barely 1% and unemployment reached 7%. We see this again from 2004 all the way to 2010 with unemployment increasing to 10%.
In 2004, there were approximately 4 working age individuals (aged 20-64) for every 1 person aged 65 and over. By 2056 this ratio is predicted to fall to about 2.1 meaning our dependence on the workers will increase hugely and sadly this means taxation will have to go up. But the UK is not alone in its concerns over pension provision; others include China whose elderly population could double between 2000 and 2027. Most of the developed world is having to consider how best to support older individuals in the presence of an ageing population: Increasing life-expectancy which means that people are spending more and more years in retirement and lower birth rates. In 1900, on average a 65 year-old man in the UK could expect to live for another 10 years (11 years for a
This debt has been accumulated over the past thirty years and has been growing much faster than the overall level of GDP. This poses serious threat for the economy as sooner or later this debt bubble will burst just like the housing bubble which led to the financial crisis in 2007. The bursting of the debt bubble will cripple the entire economy as it has become dependent on borrowing and debt. Nearly all the transactions of the economy is done on a credit basis, adding to the overall national debt. A burst of this bubble would affect the increasing standard of living being enjoyed by the citizens of America today.
Thus laws affecting business practices vary somewhat among these countries, creating potential problems for the uniformed international businessperson. For example, manufactures of defective products are more vulnerable to lawsuits in the United States than in the United Kingdom as a result of evolutionary differences in the two countries’ case law. In addition to evolutionary differences in case law, statutory law – those enacted by legislative action – also vary among the common law countries. For example, many business transactions between firms and the British government are shielded from public scrutiny – and the prying eyes of competitors – by that country’s Official Secrets Act. In contrast, more information about transactions between firms and the U.S. federal government is publicly available because of that country’s Freedom of Information Act.