Ulama or Clergy?

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We are all aware that ulama (from Arabic ‘ulama, sing. ‘alim) is a traditionally Islamic term and consequently no precise rendering can be found in other languages or cultures. The English translation most commonly accepted for ulama is ‘clergy’ or ‘cleric.’ But is it really so? We do know that clergy is mainly referring to anything related to the Church, i.e. Christianity. So accepting uncritically that ulama actually bears the same meaning as clergy is like accepting Islam as an equal of Christianity or of any other religion. The fact is it’s not! (But regarding what Islam is, is another story) ‘Ulama comes from the root word ‘ilm, or ‘knowledge’ in general, which in itself constitutes linguistically of the roots ‘ayn-lam-mim. These roots are derived from ‘alamah, meaning “a mark, sign, or token, by which a thing or person is known; a cognizance, or a bandage; a characteristic; an indication; a symptom.” Hence, ma’lam (plu. ma’alim) which means “sign of the way” or “that by which one guides oneself or by which oneself is guided”. Similarly, ‘alam also signifies “a way mark for guidance (see E. W. Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, s.v. ‘ilm).” The ones with ‘ilm are, thus, called ‘ulama. In the Qur’an, surah Fatir (35), verse 28, Allah states that ‘ulama are only those amongst the pious whose knowledge enable them to be fearful (taqwa) of Him. "And of men and beasts and cattle there are various colours likewise. Those of His servants only who are possessed of knowledge fear Allah. Surely Allah is Mighty, Forgiving." * So, taqwa is the main characteristic of ‘ulama. Other characteristics that set ‘ulama apart from clergy are: 1) knowledge (resulting in taqwa), for by definition, ‘ulama is men of knowledge who fears Allah whereas clergy (man of religion or rijal al-din) means a group of people ordained to perform pastoral or sacerdotal functions in a
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