Stalin achieved most of his aims; Grain production rose to nearly 100 million tones in 1937, although the numbers of animals never recovered. Russia sold large quantities of grain to other countries; this of course made a huge difference to the economy in Russia. A colossal 17 million people left the countryside to go to work in the towns this was part of industrialization which helped to improve the economy. The kulaks were eliminated, this was one Stalin’s main aims and finally, the peasants were closely under the government's control, which pleased Stalin greatly. There were many failures in collectivization, particularly the - output fell in the 1930s largely for three reasons; the peasants resented the state taking their land, machinery and livestock, so they did not work as hard and put more effort into their private plots, where they could keep any profit generated.
As well as this collectivisation doubled the amount of grain production in the years 1928 to 1935 meaning more grain was exported. This funded capital investment which was needed to provide resources for industrialisation. Agricultural reform is the most important result of collectivisation as although it had negative consequences such as famine and the decline of living conditions in cities, Stalin had met his aim as mass migration from the countryside to the city had accelerated urbanisation because it provided a workforce in the cities and reduced the amount of peasants. At the beginning of
However the failures of collectivisation may contradict the theory of Stalin’s economic policy being a success; whereby this is in relation to how collectivisation resulted in both economic failure and human cost. In terms of economic failure collectivisation resulted in a great harvest drops dramatically in the early of 1930s and also a huge decline in Russia’s animal population furthermore in reference to human cost collectivisation had resulted in seven million deaths due to famine and ten million peasants being reposed which often resulted in much of the effected being sent to prison camps. This concludes that Stalin’s economic policy was not a great success in relation to collectivisation. In
While this policy had stood the German farmers were gaining a profit and making a decent living for they were able to sell their produce as it was the best and most locally available to the people. This move by the SPD gave Hitler a considerable berth within which he could forge a link with the rural community, which he did, very effectively. He and his party began attacking high interest rates imposed by banks and promised a people’s community in which tariffs would be restored,
From 1865 to 1900, American farmers experienced a wide list of problems in their way of life and abilities to thrive. The potential to survive significantly decreased to almost none, the profits earned by Farmers were insufficient. Two major influences that played a part in these problems was big business and government policy, also the decisions of the farmers themselves. All factors played an equal, but significant, role in the depression and misery of the farmers. Big business had the greatest impact on the ability farmers had access to make a living.
The first five year plan was inducted between October 1928 and December 1932 and the emphasis was on heavy industries such as coal, oil, iron and steel. The successes included electricity production being trebled, resource output was doubled, the engineering industry was developed with increased overall output of machinery, tools etc and huge new industrial complexes were built that harboured the ground for these ideas and innovations to become a reality. Weaknesses were apparent such as limited growth and even a decline in consumer industries such as house building and food processing. Small workshops were squeezed out partly because of the drive against Nepmen and the shortages of materials and fuel. The collectivisation of agriculture provided Stalin with the idea that further industrial growth was necessary in order to fuel the country’s economy and diminish the burden of Russia’s backwards nature.
This helped modernise society as the hierarchy within Russia became weaker making slightly more like other countries at the time. Another change in society occurred within the system of patronage too, in that, the working and middle classes began to grow. This was because there were more factories being built (often by foreign companies) which led to more jobs and in turn, more money. This increase in factories was all due to protective tariffs, put in place by Russia’s minister of finance (from 1893 -1903) - Sergei Witte. The tariffs restricted the
Grain production levels had only reach the same levels as in the Tsarist times. With the growing population a famine was caused by this and millions died, with the most notably in Ukraine. This shows that collectivisation had improved, but the growth was not very significant. This shows that for the production rate collectivisation didn’t improve agriculture. One of the aims of collectivation was to Dekulakisation.
Conscription soaked up rural unemployment and some peasants grew prosperous. Fiat received cheap loans to re-equip factories and military contracts because of the strength of demand for army vehicles. Fiat also grew fivefold. The industrial north benefited most from the war, describing it as a ‘total war’ and in the south the gap with the poverty stricken grew wider. By the time it came to 1918 food shortages had caused riots and discontent and the government was finding it difficult to keep the army supplied.
He invited foreign experts from more industrialised countries, such as Britain, France and Germany to Russia to advise him on modernisation. He realised that he would have to have policies that would allow individual business people to start factories and encourage metalwork. His policies were successful, because industrial growth increased on average by 8% a year between 1890 and 1899, which was the highest growth rate of any of the world’s major economies. When Witte placed more emphasis on industrialisation, it meant that more jobs were created in towns and cities, this allowed Serfs to come from rural areas in the hope of a better way of life, which