As a further definition, Mackie posits that an objective moral value has the quality of ‘ought-to-be-pursued-ness’, it is something one should or ought do because it contains an inherently normative aspect. If Mackie’s argument is to succeed, it must prove that this supposed normative aspect has no existence within any act in itself, but has its origin in the agent of said act, and as such, all moral claims are false. Mackie’s exposition of moral relativism comes in the form of two main arguments, the first being his ‘argument from relativity’, the second, his ‘argument from queerness’. It is with the argument from relativity that I shall be here concerned. The argument from relativity is based around the purely ‘descriptive’ idea that it is an empirically observable fact that there seems to be
James Rachels’ on Normative Cultural Relativism Every culture has its own customs, traditions and beliefs that dictate the actions of its citizens. Cultural relativism states that although practices and ethical beliefs differ from society to society, it must be accepted as good, relative to each respective culture’s beliefs and moral code. Rachels believes that an act that may be frowned upon in one culture may in fact be totally acceptable in another. The theory of Cultural Relativism puts in action the idea of what people believe is morally right and how it relates to the culture that it is practiced in. Morals concern what is right and wrong.
M2- Self awareness is the ability to know myself, my abilities, limitation and what is my personality is like. Self awareness is a very important tool to have as it helps me to be conscious of my limits and areas for further development. It is hard to do this with a friend because we may not want the friend to know who we really are. Before we can professionally help others as counsellors, we need to be self aware. This is because of the nature of the role of counsellors.
Perhaps more so than Emotivists, Prescriptivists see ethical language as fairly meaningful. They believe that the terms used are able to create absolute rules that everyone ought to follow. It would seem that ethical language is seen by many as very meaningful, although for varying reasons. However agent centred theories such as Virtue Ethics would argue that our main focus of morality should be on becoming as virtuous as possible, rather than deciding what is meant by ethical language. Therefore it would seem that perhaps morality should be more focussed on individuals’ actions rather then defining what is meant by ‘good’ and
It varies because of mood and behavioral influences. If one is in a bad mood they will typically communicate negatively and without thinking about the affects it may have on someone else. Regardless of how we communicate we need to realize that all communication is cultural. In essence, it portrays ways we have learned to speak and send nonverbal messages. Not only are there different principles and contexts to consider, but there are also cultural barriers.
It varies from place to place. Humans are humans, and so we should view things the same. But there are outside influences in cultures that make us see the discussed views differently. There is no truth in defining what is just and unjust but we are persuaded by believing what is in our morals by following the evidence, logic and reasoning behind each argument made. The author says “and one ought to bring up the question whether it is those who are sane or those who are demented who speak at the right moment”.
Typical words that could be said when in an argument are “that’s not fair”, “you are wrong” and “how’d you like it if anyone did the same to you?”.The point Lewis is trying to make is that all humans, whether intentionally or not, follow some standard of behavior and expect others to follow it just as well. If there were no standard for right and wrong then Hitler’s actions would be considered acceptable behavior. Fault would be non-existent without a source of truth. In other words there cannot be wrong unless is a standard of rightness to compare one’s behavior to. Another point C.S Lewis makes when in The Law of Human Nature is that this law applies to all humans in all places and at all times.
The protective principle: 4. Disciplinary Principle: - Evidence law is principally about the search for the truth but sometimes needs to be changed to protect people and to look at the purpose of the people. - In relation to this particular act – the government have said that the main objectives of this act are to set in place rules that allow any information that is reliable/likely to lead to the right outcome and relevant (so we don’t let in anything) unless the information will unfairly prejudice a person involved in the court proceeding → seems to embody most objectives except the disciplinary principle. - NB: when unclear about the way evidence law ought to apply in particular scenario, refer to the 3 objectives to determine what outcome would advance the goals in this scenario. Longman warnings: Source: http://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/28.%20Other%20Trial%20Processes/longman-warning 8.36 In Longman,[54] a complaint was made more than 20 years after the alleged offence.
Only through experience and proper research can a speaker effectively read the demonstrative communication of the audience. Poor execution of these skills can cause the message to be misunderstood or not delivered. The power of demonstrative communication can enable a speaker to perform better or prevent a message from being understood. The effectiveness of any type of communication lies with the sender. Cultural differences must be accounted for to prevent potential problems or misunderstandings.
“It is important to realize that if students view strategy instruction and learning as simply a matter of fulfilling the requirements of the syllabus, it is unlikely that they will internalize strategies discussed in class and use them as tools for achieving progress in learning.” (Zhang, 2011). Learning your styles will help to familiarize yourself with your strongest points of learning down to what you need help