The Invasion of the Ruhr and the German Crisis of 1923

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Picture Essay The Invasion of the Ruhr and the German Crisis of 1923 Scattered throughout these next pages are many photographs of the momentous events of 1923. This was the year of the French army's invasion of the Ruhr valley, the "passive resistance", and the devastation of the hyperinflation. It was also the year of the Hitler Putsch in Munich. Without doubt, during the turmoil and sufferings of 1923 the political fortunes of the young republic and the morale of the German people seemed to touch bottom. The invasion of the Ruhr, January 1923 On 11 January 1923, five French and two Belgian divisions moved forward from the Rhineland areas already occupied by Allied troops and, over the next week, "captured" the vital industrial cities of the Ruhr valley. There was no armed resistance. French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré announced that the occupation was intended to secure for France the reparations Germany was denying her. Few observers were surprised by this turn of events. The new German government led by Dr. Wilhelm Cuno had certainly been forewarned. But the Germans' offers on reparations and a mutual security pact for the Rhine, intended to forestall the invasion, had been brusquely turned down by the French government. The conservative British government, led now by Conservative Prime Minister Andrew Bonar Law, announced that it could "neither approve nor take part in this operation". But no action was taken to restrain the French. The motives behind the French action : the "Rhinegold" or the Rhine? Poincaré, who had been closely identified with the nationalist right-wing forces in France since his period in office as French President before the war, hoped that the occupation of the Ruhr would solve his government's domestic problems. At the very least it was anticipated that the increased pressure on Germany would increase the flow
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