It is important to remember that financial statements must be presented fairly and in accordance with accounting principles as it is evident here that there is a bias towards presenting statements in a financially strong way. Another important user is the controller, Liam Hanlon who is a potential shareholder. As a potential shareholder, he may wish to present financial statements is such a way as to make it seem as if the company is not a very attractive investment to deter other potential investors and to be able to purchase shares at a lower price. Another slightly conflicting interest would be to prepare accurate
Auditors should not require their clients to accept and correct all the adjustments. In the audit process, auditors are easily to hold different opinions with management over financial statements; especially over the accounts require personal judgments. But auditors are not always right, and their clients may disagree with the misstatements detected by auditors. According to AU §312.43, after timely communication between auditors and management, management has the right to disagree with the audit adjustment. Also, in Auditing Standard No.14 of PCAOB, it says the communication just gives the management an opportunity to correct misstatements.
Vu’s actions do not hold malicious or dangerous intent, but they still a strong incentive to manipulate financial reports in order to gain more money and status within her company. Vu is totally misleading potential investors and could be causing them to make a decision that they would not have made if everything were as it seemed. She should disclose what she has done. Otherwise, if Vu is violating a company accounting policy by her action. c) Vu's alternatives are as follows: • Miss the deadline but find the error causing the imbalance.
shares). In a fundamental sense, the value of a firm’s shares should reflect investors’ expectations of the firm’s future profitability. However, data on expected future profitability is non-existent. Instead, empirical financial studies must use measures such as current income, sales, assets and debt of the firm as explanatory variables. In addition to the general question of how stock markets value firms, a second question is also receiving considerable attention by financial economists in recent years.
The four financial statements therefore assist them to determine if their resources are being put into efficient use since this provides an indication of whether there is any risk they will end up losing the invested funds (Debarshi, 2011). Potential shareholders also rely on the financial statements to make a comparison of the performance of different entities before making important investment decisions (Taparia, 2004). Creditors Creditors supply goods and services to businesses on credit. They are mainly concerned with the liquidity of the firm and its ability to meet their obligations when they are due (Debarshi, 2011). They therefore rely on the balance sheet and income statement to determine the profitability and liquidity levels of different firms in order to make well grounded decisions relating to whether to go ahead and advance them goods and materials on credit (Debarshi,
| SOX was enacted in response to the high-profile Enron and WorldCom financial scandals to protect shareholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent practices in the enterprise. | GLBA | The Act consists of three sections: The Financial Privacy Rule, which regulates the collection and disclosure of private financial information; the Safeguards Rule, which stipulates that financial institutions must implement security programs to protect such information; and the Pretexting provisions, which prohibit the practice of pretexting (accessing private information using false pretenses). The Act also requires financial institutions to give customers written privacy notices that explain their information-sharing practices. | GLBA helps to protect private financial information of financial institution’s customers. | HIIPA | This act gives the right to privacy to individuals from age 12 through 18.
Question 1: Auditors should not insist that their clients accept all proposed audit adjustments even though those that have an immaterial effect on the financial report. The auditors should be suspicious of any rejection of the clients and have to investigate deeper into the suspicious accounts. Moreover, auditors should not be careless even though they have close relationships with the clients and fear that they would lose potential auditing fees. Question 2: Materiality is a concept or convention within auditing and accounting relating to the importance/significance of an amount, transaction, or discrepancy. The objective of an audit of financial statements is to enable the auditor to express an opinion whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in conformity with an identified financial reporting framework of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
Adhering to compliance is crucial to prevent companies from failing and taking huge financial loses. McBride must implement a system of audit compliance committees that will help mitigate non-compliance. Audit compliance committees will review financial documents, including receipts, documents, stocks, trades, shares, investment numbers and any other financial documentation. Non-compliance includes behavior and unethical actions performed by senior management that will be audited and monitored by the compliance committee. The committee will consist of internal and external auditors who will each have a part in ensuring McBride continues to perform and service the needs of customers
Most probably, their management team has not been fulfilling the factors to succeed in a business, or they do those factors, but not with full potential. It is possible that the corporation has a hard time searching for diamonds that can cause a high price of using the equipment, but a return that can not attain the cost of searching for it. Eventually, the corporation loses money, and then most likely the stock will go down. In additional, the corporation would require a major effort to make a comeback, and gaining investor’s trust. The corporation could be having difficulty to persuade investors to buy shares of their stock, or they have internal problems that have not been solve by the company.
In fact, like other professions, personal values come into play in the accounting decisions and judgments made by the decision makers, so full disclosure might mean different things to different people. Legal checklists have mandatory items, but the financial picture might still be vague or lack numbers to give an accurate financial representation of the company at any given time, as shown in the financial statements. For example, if it was totally “objective,” Enron’s accountant would not have been able to “cook” the books to make the company appear to be in a better financial position than it actually was. The accountant and other Enron professionals would not have ended up in court for fraud and the likes. Even though the accounting profession has guiding principles (GAAP), they are not absolute, but subject to human judgment and interpretation and, at times, the lack of compliance leads to fraud (e.g., Enron, WorldCom, and others).