The root of this decision lies in the pirate activity of the four African Barbary states (Document D). When Tripoli demanded the US buy protection in order to stop the naval harassment, Jefferson refused, negating the views of other Federalists who would have done differently. Tripoli declared war on the United States, and Jefferson was forced to augment the size of the navy in order to defeat the Barbary pirates. The Louisiana Purchase is another course of action taken by Jefferson known for contradicting his strict constructionist views. Neglecting the fact that there is no clause in the Constitution permitting him to purchase land, Jefferson used Napoleon’s European conquest to help him get rid of New World worries.
Luther and Henry VIII’s motives for reform sprung from entirely different sources. Luther disagreed with the Catholic church over the doctrine that allowed the selling of indulgences to lay people. After study of the Scriptures, Luther decided that salvation was achieved not by indulgences or even good works, but only by faith alone. Henry VIII’s reasons for his break with the church came from his desire to divorce his wife at the time, Catherine, and marry Anne Boleyn. He asked Pope Clement VII to announce that the king’s previous marriage to Catherine of Aragon was invalid.
Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore. This colony was formed for the specific reason of religion; it was formed to become a Catholic haven. They wanted profit and religious freedom. Then to ensure this purpose, Maryland’s Act of Toleration was formed in 1649. This document called for toleration of all Christians, not including the toleration of Jews or Atheists.
The man who first rebelled against the Catholic Church was a man named Martin Luther. He did this by creating the 95 Thesis. Thesis number 32 states that “Those who believe that, through letters of pardon indulgences, they are made sure of their own salvation, will be eternally damned along with their teachers”. The 95 Thesis were reasonable and fair to all of England, unlike the Catholic Churches new rules. Henry VIII thought of the idea to challenge the church from Martin Luther.
Howe wanted negotiation more than outright victory because he was not only commander in chief but (together with his brother, Adm. Lord Richard Howe) peace commissioner in America. This schizoid role handicapped him both as military leader and as diplomat; yet events of summer and fall 1776 suggested that he would succeed. After the British evacuated Boston, defeats and disaster filled the rest of 1776. The army Congress had sent to invade Canada in June 1775 collapsed in the summer of 1776. After capturing Montréal, the Continentals failed to take Québec, and were forced to raise their siege when British reinforcements arrived by ship in May.
The Puritans wanted to alter practices promoted by the Anglican Church as well as decrease the power of the discriminatory and corrupt bishops. After the death of the last Tudor, Elizabeth, King James I began to overtax the Puritans. The Puritans, persecuted by the King and angered by his favor towards the Catholics, had a falling out with England and therefore were voluntary candidates for colonists in the New World. Upon arrival in the New World; however, they preceded to practice intolerance towards others outside of their group. Puritan Massachusetts or the “city upon a hill” for example, instilled a theocratic government in which it was treason to oppose any Puritan practice.
It was the Lord who put into my mind … that it would be possible to sail from here to the Indies … I am the most unworthy sinner, but I have cried out to the Lord for grace and mercy, and they have covered me completely … No one should fear to undertake any task in the name of our Saviour, if it is just and if the intention is purely for His holy service[1].” Columbus, being a Catholic, was Protestant and felt obligated to bring God to the world. Years after Columbus had come and gone the Mayflower Compact was signed but before signing the recited “For the glory of God and advancement of ye Christian faith … doe by these presents solemnly & mutually in ye presence of God and one of another, covenant & combine our selves together into a civill body politick[1].” Columbus helped start our nation but his work would not compare to the work and sacrifices to come. Once America had beaten the
The Proclamation of 1763 was the first to anger the colonist. In order to assure the Indians that settlers would not invade tribal lands, Britain emphasized colonist not to expand to the westward region. Shortly after, the use of writs of assistance, which allowed customs to search anywhere without the used of a warrant, placed a major infringement upon colonial natural rights. The Sugar Act (established at the same time) was an attempt to discourage smuggling by lowering the price of molasses below smugglers cost. It also stated that exports could only go through British ports before being sold to foreign countries.
He believed the selling indulgences was wrong, and even the pope, Pope Leo X, did not have the authority to abolish sins through payments. Luther recognized that at this time, the Church was more focused on accumulating money than saving its people and spreading the word of Christ. Luther believed that only God has the ability to take away the sins of humanity. Martin Luther published his opinions in a document titled Ninety-Five Theses. The monk's writing spread quickly around Europe, and he soon posed a serious threat to the Catholic Church.
Although William was born in Germany, he inherited his thrown in the Netherlands where he led the Dutch revolt against the Spanish crown. William had always believed in free practice of religion and pitied religious movements such as the Calvinist movements in France and the Netherlands (heritage-history). William’s beliefs about religious freedom led him to defeat the Catholic forces under the control of Louis XIV of France. Because of this defeat, the Catholics were driven out of the Dutch Republic (bbc.co.uk). Many Calvinist refugees fled to Holland and Zealand from other provinces because these countries were religiously tolerant.